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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016 Jan 7;299:70–77. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.005

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Consequences of antibody response to biotechnology-based therapeutics. Antidrug antibodies (ADA) have a broad spectrum of effects, which may lead to changes in protein efficacy, possibly resulting in undesirable toxicity and clearance of the biotechnology-based product. PK – Pharmacokinetics, IFN – Interferon, IL – Interleukin.