Table 3.

Time budgets (% in the observation period) of behavioral states in pigs in the five treatments

Behavior	Treatment					p-value
	IS	OP	CF	FG	SF
Prior period
Foraging	18.2±2.6c	20.1±3.3bc	16.5±2.1c	34.5±3.9a	27.2±4.8ab	<0.001
Feeding	18.2±2.6	12.8±3.7	16.5±2.1	18.0±4.3	19.9±3.8	0.085
Grass eating	-	4.5±2.0b	-	16.5±3.1a	-	0.0011
Soil eating	-	2.8±1.3b	-	-	7.3±1.1a	0.0021
Exploring	6.1±2.3b	11.5±5.2b	15.5±5.6ab	12.1±6.6b	23.4±3.2a	0.002
Resting	65.5±4.3c	60.4±2.0c	55.8±7.8bc	45.8±3.8ab	33.8±8.9a	<0.001
Others	10.3±3.7	8.0±1.9	12.2±3.0	7.6±1.8	15.6±2.8	-
Latter period
Foraging	12.7±1.0b*	19.9±3.5a	11.2±1.7b**	16.7±3.5ab**	19.5±4.3a†	0.003
Feeding	12.7±1.0ab*	12.7±2.7ab	11.2±1.7b**	8.0±3.1b**	17.3±3.0a	0.002
Grass eating	-	5.2±1.6	-	8.6±2.8**	-	0.0801
Soil eating	-	2.1±0.6	-	-	2.2±1.2**	0.8381
Exploring	3.3±0.8c†	12.2±1.0ab	9.2±4.1bc	5.1±1.4c†	16.2±5.2a†	<0.001
Resting	74.3±4.0b*	54.8±6.7a	71.1±4.3b	70.4±9.6b	52.1±5.7a†	<0.001
Others	9.8±3.2	13.1±3.4	8.5±1.0	7.9±6.5	12.2±3.5	-

IS, indoor housing system; OP, outdoor pasturing system; CF, concrete floor paddock system; FG, concrete floor paddock system with fresh grass; SF, soil floor paddock system; SD, standard deviation.

Values are expressed as mean±SD (%).

¹The Student’s t-test between OP vs FG or SF.

^a,b,cMeans with different letters differ significantly in each behavior (p<0.05).

^†,*,**Means with symbols differ significantly from means in the prior period in each behavior (p<0.1, 0.05, 0.01).