Table 4.
Frequencies of behavioral events in pigs in the five treatments
| Behavior | Treatment1 | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| IS | OP | CF | FG | SF | ||
| Prior period | ||||||
| Disturbed behavior | 16.8±11.2 a | 0.5±0.6b | 3.0±3.2b | 2.3±1.7b | 2.5±4.4b | 0.006 |
| Playing | 0 c | 4.5±1.3ab | 0.8±0.5bc | 1.0±1.4bc | 6.3±3.3a | <0.001 |
| Chewing | 2.0±3.4c | 24.8±8.5ab | 6.3±5.4c | 29.8±9.1a | 11.3±2.9bc | <0.001 |
| Rooting | 0b | 45.5±16.3a | 0.5±1.0b | 0 b | 41.0±8.6a | <0.001 |
| Agonistic behavior | 8.0±3.6 | 3.5±1.7 | 4.0±2.2 | 6.3±3.2 | 2.8±1.0 | 0.053 |
| Affiliative behavior | 3.8±2.1 | 2.3±2.2 | 3.5±2.9 | 3.0±2.5 | 3.8±1.7 | 0.868 |
| Latter period | ||||||
| Disturbed behavior | 15.5±11.0a | 1.3±1.5b | 7.5±5.2ab | 3.3±2.1b | 1.0±0.8b | 0.011 |
| Playing | 0 b | 1.3±1.9ab | 0 b** | 0 b | 3.0±1.4a | 0.004 |
| Chewing | 0.5±0.6b | 36.3±6.7a** | 2.0±2.2b | 30.8±7.5a | 8.5±3.3b | <0.001 |
| Rooting | 0 b | 26.0±11.2a** | 0 b | 0 b | 51.0±6.8a | <0.001 |
| Agonistic behavior | 3.3±1.7a | 3.0±1.2ab | 3.0±2.2ab | 0 b* | 1.0±1.2ab** | 0.018 |
| Affiliative behavior | 2.0±0.8 | 1.3±1.5 | 1.3±1.3 | 2.3±2.6 | 3.5±0.6 | 0.264 |
IS, indoor housing system; OP, outdoor pasturing system; CF, concrete floor paddock system; FG, concrete floor paddock system with fresh grass; SF, soil floor paddock system; SD, standard deviation.
Values are expressed as mean±SD (Expression times/all observed times).
1
The Student’s t-test between OP vs FG or SF.
a,b,c
Means with different letters differ significantly in each behavior (p<0.05).
**, *
Means with symbols differ significantly from means in the prior period in each behavior (p<0.1, 0.05).