Table 3.
Differences of the CNS structures and the neuropsychological test results between study groups.
| Structure | controls (n = 24) | naMCI (n = 18) | aMCI (n = 20) | Cohen's d | Cohen's d | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | (HC vs. aMCI) | (HC vs. naMCI) | (naMCI vs. aMCI) | |
| CORTICAL THICKNESSa | ||||||
| Entorhinal cortex | 3.485 (0.236) | 3.318 (0.255) | 2.803 (0.640) | 1.6* | 0.7 | 1.2* |
| Fusiform gyrus | 2.619 (0.158) | 2.538 (0.169) | 2.376 (0.252) | 1.2* | 0.5 | 0.8* |
| Isthmus of cingulate gyrus | 2.287 (0.169) | 2.178 (0.137) | 2.103 (0.202) | 1* | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus | 2.678 (0.317) | 2.593 (0.331) | 2.499 (0.438) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Posterior cingulate | 2.380 (0.103) | 2.385 (0.126) | 2.332 (0.170) | 0.4 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Precuneus | 2.210 (0.092) | 2.101 (0.113) | 2.029 (0.155) | 1.5* | 1.1* | 0.5 |
| VOLUMESb | ||||||
| Entorhinal cortex | 0.328 (0.061) | 0.345 (0.054) | 0.285 (0.079) | 0.6 | −0.3 | 0.9* |
| Fusiform gyrus | 1.701 (0.200) | 1.631 (0.216) | 1.556 (0.191) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Isthmus of cingulate | 0.456 (0.046) | 0.468 (0.043) | 0.445 (0.051) | 0.2 | −0.3 | 0.5 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus | 0.383 (0.044) | 0.394 (0.056) | 0.367 (0.093) | 0.2 | −0.2 | 0.4 |
| Posterior cingulate | 0.578 (0.047) | 0.604 (0.058) | 0.586 (0.054) | −0.2 | −0.5 | 0.3 |
| Precuneus | 1.654 (0.104) | 1.665 (0.143) | 1.621 (0.154) | 0.3 | −0.1 | 0.3 |
| Hippocampus | 0.780 (0.044) | 0.743 (0.094) | 0.637 (0.156) | 1.4* | 0.5 | 0.8* |
| Amygdala | 0.310 (0.024) | 0.286 (0.035) | 0.268 (0.069) | 0.9* | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST | ||||||
| ACE total scorec | 94.000 (3.297) | 89.111 (5.144) | 82.211 (7.391) | 2.2* | 1.2 | 1.1* |
| ACE anterograde memoryd | 26.000 (1.769) | 24.556 (2.640) | 20.842 (4.285) | 1.7* | 0.7 | 1.1* |
| ACE category fluencyd | 6.542 (0.658) | 5.889 (1.323) | 3.947 (1.580) | 2.3* | 0.7 | 1.3* |
| ACE letter fluencyd | 5.625 (1.096) | 4.056 (1.830) | 4.579 (1.427) | 0.8 | 1.1* | −0.3 |
| ACE languaged | 27.625 (0.711) | 27.444 (1.338) | 26.050 (6.211) | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| MMSEe | 28.500 (1.351) | 28.278 (0.958) | 27.474 (1.679) | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| ACE Retrograde memoryd | 3.708 (0.955) | 3.222 (0.878) | 2.421 (1.346) | 1.1* | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| ACE Visuospatial functiond | 4.792 (0.509) | 4.389 (1.145) | 4.421 (0.838) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Trail Making Test part A (sec) | 41.917 (22.645) | 59.222 (18.057) | 75.650 (52.109) | −0.9* | −0.9 | −0.5 |
| Trail Making Test part B (sec) | 68.542 (31.121) | 153.18 (78.212) | 199.74 (113.09) | −2* | −2* | −0.5 |
HC, healthy controls; CNS, central nervous system; SD, standard deviation; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; naMCI, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment; ACE, Addenbrooke's cognitive examination; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination.
a
Cortical thickness in mm.
b
Cortical volume in mm3.
c
The maximum score is 100.
d
Subtasks of the ACE
e
Maximum score is 30.The normative data can be found in the Table 2B.
*
Significant between group difference after correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.016). Level of significance was set to 0.05/3 = 0.016, where three stands for the number of the study groups compared.