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Small-scale perfusion bioreactor of RBCs. Medium (mSAGM) was pumped (➊) at 8.5 μL/min from the reservoir (➌) to the chamber (➋) to fluidize RBCs and then pumped back to the reservoir. Gas (air or argon) was supplied to both the chamber and the reservoir, through a humidifier (➍). Sampling was done in the reservoir using a sterile needle through the rubber cap (➍). pH and K+ probes can be easily fitted to the reservoir.
