Table I.
Association between CDH1 methylation and clinical variables in patients with breast cancer.
| Methylation status of CDH1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Sample size, n | Positive, n (%) | Negative, n (%) | P-value |
| Age, years | 0.341 | |||
| ≤50 | 58 | 21 (36.2) | 37 (63.8) | |
| >50 | 79 | 35 (44.3) | 44 (55.7) | |
| Histological grade | 0.410a | |||
| I | 26 | 8 (30.7) | 18 (69.2) | |
| II | 64 | 26 (40.6) | 38 (59.4) | |
| III | 47 | 22 (46.8) | 25 (53.2) | |
| TNM stagec | 0.258b | |||
| I | 17 | 5 (29.4) | 12 (70.6) | |
| II | 81 | 32 (39.5) | 49 (60.5) | |
| III | 39 | 19 (48.7) | 20 (51.3) | |
| IV | 13 | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | |
| Lymph node metastasis | 0.022 | |||
| Positive | 77 | 38 (49.4) | 39 (50.6) | |
| Negative | 60 | 18 (30.0) | 42 (70.0) | |
| Histological type | 0.052 | |||
| Ductal | 106 | 48 (45.3) | 58 (54.7) | |
| Lobular | 31 | 8 (25.8) | 23 (74.2) | |
| ER | 0.018 | |||
| Positive | 96 | 33 (34.4) | 63 (65.6) | |
| Negative | 41 | 23 (56.1) | 18 (43.9) | |
| PR | 0.407 | |||
| Positive | 67 | 25 (37.3) | 42 (62.7) | |
| Negative | 70 | 31 (44.3) | 39 (55.7) | |
| Her-2 | 0.284 | |||
| Positive | 36 | 12 (33.3) | 24 (66.7) | |
| Negative | 101 | 44 (43.6) | 57 (56.4) | |
| p53 | 0.634 | |||
| Positive | 53 | 23 (43.4) | 30 (56.6) | |
| Negative | 84 | 33 (39.3) | 51 (60.7) | |
| Ki-67 | 0.379 | |||
| Positive | 82 | 36 (43.9) | 46 (56.1) | |
| Negative | 55 | 20 (36.4) | 35 (63.6) | |
| E-cadherin | <0.001 | |||
| Positive | 79 | 22 (27.8) | 57 (72.2) | |
| Negative | 58 | 34 (58.6) | 24 (41.4) |
CDH1, E-cadherin gene; TNM, tumor node metastasis; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; Her-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; p53, tumor protein 53. Bonferroni correction was applied for statistical adjustment of each P-value due to a larger number of groups (statistically significant aP<0.017, bP<0.008). cData derived from 137 primary breast cancer patients and 13 metastatic patients. The TNM stage was the only information included in the present study for the metastatic patients, as other data for these patients were collected in various institutions and may not be accurate.