Figure 4.

Three infertile women were found to have elevated levels of antibodies reactive with SPRASA. Serum collected from women and men from infertile (n = 102) and fertile (n = 104) couples was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoreactivity against SPRASA. Serum levels of antibodies were considered to be elevated if they were above the threshold for outliers based on the levels of antibodies in the infertile women, as determined by the Tukey method (black line). SPRASA indicates sperm protein reactive with antisperm antibody.