Table 2.

Random-effects Medication Knowledge, Quality of Life, and Function Effect Size Estimates and Statistics^a

	k	Effect Size	p (ES)	95% Confidence Interval	Standard Error	I2	Q	p (Q)
Medication knowledge, all samples	60	0.449	<.001	0.334, 0.564	0.059	76.510	251.175	<.001
Medication knowledge, cardiovascular samples	14	0.611	<.001	0.115, 1.106	0.253	94.386	231.568	<.001
Medication knowledge, pulmonary samples	6	0.547	.009	0.139, 0.954	0.208	78.557	23.318	<.001
Medication knowledge, diabetes samples	3	0.303	.484	−0.544, 1.149	0.432	94.839	38.751	<.001
Medication knowledge, HIV samples	3	0.455	.014	0.092, 0.819	0.185	0	1.930	.381
Medication knowledge, non HIV infection samples	8	0.699	.045	0.015, 1.383	0.349	87.161	54.523	<.001
Quality of life, all samples	86	0.127	<.001	0.068, 0.186	0.030	51.071	173.723	<.001
Quality of life, cardiovascular samples	23	0.183	.001	0.071, 0.295	0.057	41.524	37.622	.020
Quality of life, pulmonary samples	33	0.148	.002	0.052, 0.244	0.049	35.372	49.514	.025
Quality of life, diabetes samples	7	0.303	.111	−0.069, 0.675	0.190	90.927	66.132	<.001
Quality of life, HIV samples	8	0.112	.426	−0.163, 0.386	0.140	73.995	28.887	<.001
Physical function, all samples	29	0.142	.005	0.044, 0.241	0.050	58.666	67.740	<.001
Physical function, cardiovascular samples	13	0.190	.034	0.014, 0.365	0.089	67.288	36.684	<.001

k denotes number of comparisons, effect size (ES) is the standardized mean difference (d), I² is the percentage of total variation among studies’ observed effect sizes due to heterogeneity, Q is a conventional homogeneity statistic.

^aStatistics reported when at least three effect sizes were available.