Table 1.

Extracellular vesicle markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) studies.

Vesicle Source		Marker(s)	Key Study Findings	Citation
Circulating	Lymphoid cells	CD4 CD8 Va24/Vb11	Enriched in NAFLD, positively correlated with serum ALT and liver biopsy	[72]
	Myeloid cells	CD14 CD15	Variable; CD14+ (monocyte origin) enriched in NAFLD, positively correlated with serum ALT; CD15+ (neutrophil origin) opposite trend	[72]
	Erythrocytes	TER119	Comprise the majority of circulating EVs during Western diet	[73]
	Platelets	CD41 CD62P	Conflicting data for abundance in NAFLD; reduced with statin intervention	[72,74]
	Liver	ASGPR1 CES1 miR-122 miR-192	Enriched in NAFLD; miR-122 and miR-192 correlated with decreased liver expression	[75,76,77]
	Endothelial	CD144	Enriched in NAFLD; reduced with statin intervention	[74]
Tissue derived	Adipose	adiponectin IL-6 MCP-1 MIF	Enriched in adipose origin; with the exception of adiponectin, enriched in visceral versus subcutaneous adipose	[78]
	Hepatocytes	Vanin-1	Enriched in steatotic hepatocytes (HepG2 cells treated with palmitate)	[76]

Abbreviations: ALT = alanine transaminase; ASGPR1 = asialoglycoprotein receptor 1; CES1 = (liver) carboxylesterase 1; IL-6 = interleukin 6; iNKT = invariant natural killer T [cell]; MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MIF = (macrophage) migration inhibitory factor; NAFLD = non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Va24/Vb11 = T cell receptor covariants a24/b11.