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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016 Apr;149(4):516–522. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.025

Table II.

Demographic characteristics of children by orthodontic treatment status in the Washington Medicaid program in 2012

Demographic characteristic Children who obtained records and initiated orthodontic treatment Children who obtained records but did not initiate orthodontic treatment Children who obtained records, with or without orthodontic treatment initiation
n = 7313 n = 910 n = 8223
mean (SD) or n (%) mean (SD) or n (%) mean (SD) or n (%)
Age (y) 13.6 (2.6) 13.3 (3.0) 13.6 (2.7)
    <12 1985 (27.1%) 319 (35.0%) 2304 (28.0%)
    ≥12 5328 (72.9%) 591 (65.0%) 5919 (72.0%)
Race
    White 2844 (38.9%) 366 (40.2%) 3210 (39.0%)
    Black 365 (5.0%) 56 (6.2%) 421 (5.1%)
    Asian 213 (2.9%) 30 (3.3%) 243 (3.0%)
    American Indian 153 (2.1%) 25 (2.8%) 178 (2.2%)
    Alaskan Native 6 (0.1%) 0 (0%) 6 (0.1%)
    Hawaiian 7 (0.1%) 1 (0.1%) 8 (0.1%)
    Pacific Islander 81 (1.1%) 19 (2.1%) 100 (1.2%)
    Other 3009 (41.1%) 288 (31.6%) 3297 (40.1%)
    Missing 635 (8.7%) 125 (13.7%) 760 (9.2%)
Ethnicity
    Hispanic 2791 (38.2%) 287 (31.5%) 3078 (37.4%)
    Non-Hispanic 3640 (49.8%) 503 (55.3%) 4143 (50.4%)
    Missing 882 (12.0%) 120 (13.2%) 1002 (12.2%)
Preventive dental care use in 2012
    Yes 6301 (86.2%) 775 (85.2%) 7076 (86.0%)
    No 1012 (13.8%) 135 (14.8%) 1147 (14.0%)