Table 3.
Tumor-associated proteins in EVs/exosomes isolated from body fluids of patients with various cancersa
| Plasma/serumb | Tumor type | Pro-tumor effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| EGFRVIII mut | GBM | Growth | 141, 142 |
| Survivin | PROCA | Apoptosis inhibited | 146 |
| PTEN | PROCA | Signaling | 152 |
| Claudin-4 | OVA CA | Invasion | 153 |
| TYRP2, VLA-4, HSP70 | Melanoma | Growth progression | 54 |
| PSA | PROCA | Growth, progression | 152 |
| EGFR | NSCLC | Signaling, growth | 135 |
| Caveolin, CD63 | Melanoma | 139 | |
| Galectin-9 | NPC | Immune suppression | 140 |
| LMP-1 | NPC | Signaling | 154 |
| FasL | HNSCC | Immune suppression | 34, 35, 155 |
| Met (phosphor) | Melanoma | Oncogene transfer | 54 |
| KRAS | PANCCA | Oncogene transfer | 55 |
| CEA | CRC, NSCLC | Growth, invasion | 135 |
| TGF-β | AML, OV CA | Immune suppression | 90, 156 |
| Urinec | |||
| PSA | PRO CA | Growth, progression | 157 |
| PSMA | PRO CA | Growth, progression | 158 |
| MMP-9 | RCC | Stroma remodeling | 159 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | RCC | Stroma remodeling | 159 |
| α6-integrin | BLCA | Growth, invasion | 160 |
| MUC-1 | BLCA | Growth, invasion | 160 |
| LRG-1 | NSCLC | Cell adhesion | 161 |
| Basigin | CRC, BLCA | Migration, invasion | 162 |
| Salivad | |||
| Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) | Normal donors | 163 | |
| Alix, TSg101, HSP70, IgA, CD26 | Normal donors | 164 | |
| 63 different proteins, including annexin, keratin, actin, Igs and S100 | Normal donors | 165 | |
a
EVs/exosomes were isolated from body fluids of patients with cancer. EVs were not discriminated from exosomes.
b
The data are selected from published reports to illustrate the range of tumor-associated proteins carried by EVs/exosomes.
c
Selected proteins carried by urine exosomes are listed based on published data.
d
Only exosomes from saliva of normal donors were studied to date