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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 30.
Published in final edited form as: Future Microbiol. 2015 Oct 30;10(11):1773–1782. doi: 10.2217/fmb.15.106

Table 2.

RT mutations associated with resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs used in first-line ART

Drug Discrimination Mutations NRTI Resistance Mutations Excision Enhancing Mutations Multi-NRTI Resistance Mutations Notes
ABC K65R1, K70E, L74I/V, Y115F Q151M2
T69 Insertions3

  1. K65R confers cross-resistance to all NRTIs except ZDV.

  2. Q151M usually occurs in combination with 2 or more of the following 4 accessory mutations: A62V, V75I, F77L, and F116Y.

  3. T69 insertions usually occur in combination with multiple TAMs

  4. TAMs confer cross-resistance to all NRTIs
FTC K65R, M184I/V Q151M
T69 Insertions
3TC K65R, M184I/V Q151M
T69 Insertions
TDF K65R, K70E Q151M
T69 Insertions
ZDV M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219Q/E4 Q151M
T69 Insertions
NNRTI Resistance Mutations
Drug Resistance Mutations Notes
EFV L100I, K101P, K103N/S, V106M, V108I, Y181C/I, Y188L, G190A/S, P225H, M230L There are several other mutations and polymorphisms in the HIV-1 NNRTI binding pocket that can reduce drug susceptibility, including Y318F, K238T/N, P236L, L234I, P225H, V179D/E/F/I/T, I132M/L, V106A/I, K103H/T/R/Q/E, K101H/Q/R/N/A/T, A98G and V90I.
NVP L100I, K101P, K103N/S, V106M, V108I, Y181C/I, Y188C/L/H, G190A/S, M230L
RPV K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188l, H221Y, F227C, M230I/L