Daidzein attenuates lung inflammation induced by TNF-α. Mice were challenged intranasally with TNF-α (10 ng in 50 μL of saline) with or without intra-peritoneal administration of daidzein (400 mg/kg) or PJ34 (10 mg/kg) 1 h before TNF-α challenge. (A) The mice were sacrificed 1 h later, the upper one third of the lungs was harvested, and RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed. Real-time PCR was performed using pooled cDNA as a template to analyze the Cxcl2 mRNA level, n=5 (cP<0.01 compared with normal mice; fP<0.01 compared with TNF-α-challenged mice). (B) The mice were sacrificed 12 h later, and the lung sections were subjected to H&E staining (bar, 50 μm).