Table 1. Expression of the Glu transporters at the mRNA and protein levels in the CNS and in cellular cultures.

Glu transporter	Brain structures		Cells in the nervous system		Cell cultures
	mRNA	Protein	mRNA	Protein	mRNA	Protein
GLAST	Cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus44	Throughout the CNS45, retina46	Astrocytes, Müller cells, pigment epithelia47,48, rat cohlear hair cells (neurons)49	Bergman glia, Purkinje cells45, Müller cells46	Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes50, astrocytes, prepared from mouse cerebral cortex51, neuronal PC12 line52	Rat hippocampal neurons, microglia53
GLT-1	Throughout the brain, except the cerebellum54	Throughout the CNS55	No data	Glial cells; astrocytes56, neurons, oligodendrocytes-during development57	Astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes50	Rat primary hippocampal and cortical neurons58, C57BL/6J mice hippocampal microglia59
EAAC1	No data	Throughout the CNS60	No data	Neurons55, oligodendrocytes61	No data	No data
EAAT4	Cerebellum, slight in cortex and retina54	Throughout the fore- and midbrain62,63, cortex, cerebellum- during development64	No data	Purkinje cells1, astrocytes65	No data	Rat cortical astrocytes66, mouse astrocytes65
EAAT5	No data	Retina67	No data	Bipolar cells67	No data	No data
xCt, 4F2hc/xc-*	Cortex, cerebellum68, area postrema, habenular nucleus, subfornical organ, hypothalamus, meninges69	Leptomeninges, ventricles, choroid plexus70	Neurons of cortex and cerebellum68, ependymal cells of the lateral wall of the third ventricle69	Astrocytes71, microglia72, Müller cells73, immature cortical neurons74, vascular endothelial cells, epenndymal cells42	No data	Glioma75
VGLUT1	Cortex (layers II-VI), thalamus, some nuclei of the brain stem; vestibular and cochlear nuclei, lateral reticular, external cuneate76, cerebellum, striatum43	Hippocampus, neocortex (layers I-III), cerebellum, entorhinal and piriform cortex, amygdalia, subiculum43	Dopaminergic neurons cholinergic neurons GABAergic neurons43	Photoreceptors and bipolar cells43	No data	Hippocampal, cerebellar and cerebrocortical neurons77,78,79
VGLUT2	Cortex (middle layers), thalamus, most nuclei of brain stem76, cerebellum, striatum43	Cerebral cortex (layer IV), dentate gyrus (granular layer), thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, the brain stem43	Glutamatergic neurons76, dopaminergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, cholinergic neurons43	Purkinje cells, ganglion cells43	No data	Hippocampal, cerebellar and cerebrocortical neurons78,79,80,81,82,83
VGLUT3	Cerebellum, striatum43	Hippocampus, neocortex, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, substantia nigra, raphe nuclei, striatum43	Dopaminergic neurons cholinergic neurons GABAergic neurons43	Glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, serotonergic neurons, cholinergic neurons, amacrine cells43	No data	No data

* xCT denotes mRNA of the light chain of the x_c- antiporter, 4F2hc-mRNA of the heavy chain of the x_c- antiporter, x_c- -xc- antiporter protein.