TABLE 1.
Summary statistics
| Years
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 2011 | 1999–2011 | |
| Inpatient utilization (per 1,000) | |||
| Total hospital admissions | 372 (872) |
310 (803) |
360 (859) |
| Total hospital days | 2,260 (7,459) |
1,639 (6,077) |
2,035 (6,979) |
| Hospital medical visits | 270 (734) |
226 (684) |
259 (723) |
| Hospital medical days | 1,531 (5,623) |
1,122 (4,596) |
1,365 (5,224) |
| Hospital surgical visits | 102 (352) |
84 (318) |
101 (350) |
| Hospital surgical days | 729 (4,005) |
517 (3,091) |
665 (3,668) |
| Outpatient utilization (per 1,000) | |||
| Outpatient ambulatory visits | 7,587 (6,768) |
8,830 (8,343) |
8,550 (7,629) |
| Outpatient nonsurgical visits | 264 (680) |
409 (964) |
365 (876) |
| Emergency room visits | 448 (1,038) |
562 (1,298) |
539 (1,215) |
| Additional outcomes | |||
| Readmissions (per 1,000) | 60 (347) |
54 (339) |
61 (356) |
| Mortality (%) | 7.6 (26.5) |
5.2 (22.1) |
6.8 (25.1) |
| HEDIS quality measures (%) | |||
| Breast cancer screening | 63.4 (48.2) |
62.5 (48.4) |
64.0 (48.0) |
| Diabetes LDL | 73.2 (44.3) |
82.4 (38.1) |
81.9 (38.5) |
| Diabetes hemoglobin | 72.3 (44.8) |
86.3 (34.4) |
82.1 (38.3) |
| Diabetes retinal | 52.8 (49.9) |
57.5 (49.4) |
57.3 (49.5) |
| LDL | 57.8 (49.4) |
83.6 (37.0) |
79.1 (40.7) |
| Composite | 64.1 (39.8) |
72.4 (38.0) |
71.5 (37.9) |
| Enrollee demographics | |||
| Female (%) | 60.7 (48.8) |
56.7 (49.6) |
59.0 (49.2) |
| Black (%) | 7.3 (26.0) |
7.8 (26.8) |
7.5 (26.3) |
| Age | 76.5 (7.0) |
75.9 (7.7) |
76.6 (7.2) |
| Medicare risk score | 1.08 (0.93) |
1.40 (1.07) |
1.20 (1.01) |
| MA variables | |||
| MA HMO penetration (%) | 13.2 (14.5) |
14.0 (14.3) |
11.7 (13.9) |
| MA PPO penetration (%) | 0.0 (0.0) |
4.7 (5.2) |
1.2 (2.9) |
| MA PFFS penetration (%) | 0.0 (0.0) |
4.0 (4.2) |
1.8 (3.7) |
| MA payment rate ($) | 617.17 (121.24) |
853.69 (112.56) |
725.95 (131.79) |
| County variables | |||
| Unemployment (%) | 4.4 (2.2) |
9.1 (2.4) |
6.0 (2.6) |
| Hispanic (%) | 8.8 (12.8) |
14.3 (15.3) |
10.9 (13.9) |
| Age 65+ (%) | 13.7 (4.0) |
14.3 (4.0) |
13.7 (3.9) |
| Poverty (%) | 12.0 (4.7) |
15.9 (5.5) |
13.2 (5.2) |
| Commercial HMO (%) | – | 13.6 (14.8) |
20.8 (19.2) |
| Income ($ per capita) | 35,311 (10,939) |
41,923 (11,662) |
37,419 (11,502) |
| Population | 702,899 (1,416,120) |
875,692 (1,650,857) |
785,687 (1,537,426) |
Data sources: Demographic information was obtained from the Denominator Files (1999–2010) and MBSF (2010). County variables are from the Area Resource File.
Notes: Summary statistics are for the years 1999–2011. Inpatient and outpatient utilization variables use standard HEDIS Use of Service Measures, and are assembled from CMS Medicare claims data, including inpatient, outpatient, and carrier files. Standard deviations in parentheses. Means for HEDIS quality measures are presented for the year 2000 in place of 1999. Interstudy data on commercial HMO penetration was available for the years 2002–11.