Table 1.

Clavien–Dindo classification of surgical complications¹³

Grade	Description
I	Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiologic interventions.
	Acceptable therapeutic regimens are drugs, such as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics and electrolytes, and physiotherapy.
	This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.
II	Requires pharmacological treatment with drugs other than those allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions, antibiotics and total parenteral nutrition are also included.
III	Requires surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention.
IIIa	Intervention under regional/local anesthesia.
IIIb	Intervention under general anesthesia.
IV	Life-threatening complication requiring intensive care/intensive care unit management.
IVa	Single-organ dysfunction.
IVb	Multiorgan dysfunction.
V	Patient demise.