Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 12.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2015 Nov 4;133(2):147–155. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018323

Table 3.

Incidence of cardiovascular disease according to different types of physical activity among older US adults, stratified by age and gender *.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for Cardiovascular Disease
Nº of incidence/total 698/2926 484/1281 546/1633 636/2574
<75 years (69.4±2.6) p ≥75 years (79.3±3.9) p Men p Women p
Walking pace, mph
 < 2 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 2–3 0.67(0.56,0.79) <0.001 0.69(0.57,0.83) <0.001 0.64(0.53,0.77) <0.001 0.70(0.59,0.84) <0.001
 > 3 0.52(0.40,0.67) <0.001 0.39(0.24,0.64) <0.001 0.48(0.35,0.66) <0.001 0.52(0.37,0.72) <0.001
 P trend <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Walking distance, blocks/week
 0–5 Reference Reference Reference Reference
 6–12 0.67(0.51,0.88) 0.004 0.75(0.58,0.96) 0.023 0.52(0.38,0.71) <0.001 0.80(0.64,1.00) 0.052
 13–25 0.67(0.52,0.86) 0.002 0.69(0.53,0.90) 0.006 0.55(0.41,0.73) <0.001 0.73(0.57,0.92) 0.007
 26–48 0.55(0.42,0.71) <0.001 0.58(0.43,0.80) 0.001 0.43(0.32,0.58) <0.001 0.63(0.48,0.83) 0.001
 ≥49 0.58(0.44,0.75) <0.001 0.43(0.30,0.61) <0.001 0.39(0.29,0.53) <0.001 0.69(0.52,0.92) 0.011
 P trend <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001
Walking Score†
 I Reference Reference Reference Reference
 II 0.79(0.61,1.01) 0.062 0.71(0.57,0.90) 0.004 0.57(0.43,0.75) <0.001 0.84(0.68,1.03) 0.093
 III 0.53(0.41,0.69) <0.001 0.59(0.46,0.77) <0.001 0.42(0.32,0.56) <0.001 0.62(0.49,0.78) <0.001
 IV 0.53(0.40,0.70) <0.001 0.32(0.21,0.47) <0.001 0.34(0.25,0.46) <0.001 0.59(0.44,0.79) <0.001
 P trend <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Leisure-time activity, kcal/week
 I Reference Reference Reference Reference
 II 0.69(0.54,0.89) 0.004 0.74(0.56,0.96) 0.025 0.64(0.46,0.90) 0.008 0.74(0.59,0.92) 0.008
 III 0.62(0.48,0.80) <0.001 0.69(0.53,0.91) 0.009 0.55(0.40,0.76) <0.001 0.69(0.55,0.87) 0.002
 IV 0.74(0.58,0.95) 0.017 0.65(0.49,0.87) 0.004 0.62(0.46,0.84) 0.002 0.76(0.60,0.97) 0.025
 V 0.59(0.46,0.77) <0.001 0.55(0.40,0.76) <0.001 0.54(0.40,0.73) <0.001 0.56(0.41,0.77) 0.001
 P trend 0.003 <0.001 0.003 0.001
Exercise Intensity†
 None Reference Reference Reference Reference
 Low 0.61(0.45,0.84) 0.002 0.65(0.48,0.87) 0.004 0.73(0.50,1.04) 0.087 0.60(0.46,0.78) <0.001
 Moderate 0.54(0.39,0.74) <0.001 0.58(0.42,0.79) 0.001 0.63(0.43,0.92) 0.015 0.54(0.41,0.72) <0.001
 High 0.49(0.33,0.73) <0.001 0.30(0.15,0.60) 0.001 0.61(0.39,0.98) 0.040 0.35(0.21,0.56) <0.001
 P trend 0.001 <0.001 0.022 <0.001
*

For each analysis participants with prevalent disease at baseline were excluded. All analyses are adjusted for age (years), gender (male/female), race (white/nonwhite), education (< high school, high school, > high school), income (≤/> $ 25,000/yr), clinical sites (four categories), smoking (never, former, current), body mass index (kg/m2). All physical activity variables were updated over time.

†

See text and Supplementary Figure 1 for details on how the physical activity variables were defined.