Table 5.
Incidence of stroke according to different types of physical activity among older US adults, stratified by age and gender *.
| Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for Stroke | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nº of incidence/total | 326/2926 | 237/1281 | 212/1633 | 351/2574 | ||||
| <75 years (69.4±2.6) | p | ≥75 years (79.3±3.9) | p | Men | p | Women | p | |
| Walking pace, mph | ||||||||
| < 2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 2–3 | 0.74(0.58,0.96) | 0.020 | 0.66(0.50,0.87) | 0.003 | 0.75(0.56,1.02) | 0.068 | 0.68(0.54,0.86) | 0.001 |
| > 3 | 0.50(0.34,0.74) | 0.001 | 0.36(0.17,0.75) | 0.006 | 0.45(0.26,0.76) | 0.003 | 0.48(0.31,0.75) | 0.001 |
| P trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||
| Walking distance, blocks/week | ||||||||
| 0–5 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 6–12 | 0.61(0.42,0.90) | 0.013 | 0.61(0.43,0.86) | 0.005 | 0.40(0.24,0.64) | <0.001 | 0.68(0.50,0.92) | 0.011 |
| 13–25 | 0.59(0.41,0.85) | 0.005 | 0.49(0.33,0.72) | <0.001 | 0.40(0.26,0.62) | <0.001 | 0.59(0.42,0.81) | 0.001 |
| 26–48 | 0.56(0.39,0.82) | 0.002 | 0.47(0.30,0.74) | 0.001 | 0.33(0.21,0.52) | <0.001 | 0.61(0.43,0.87) | 0.007 |
| ≥49 | 0.59(0.40,0.85) | 0.005 | 0.27(0.15,0.49) | <0.001 | 0.29(0.18,0.45) | <0.001 | 0.62(0.43,0.91) | 0.014 |
| P trend | 0.023 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 | ||||
| Walking Score† | ||||||||
| I | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| II | 0.64(0.45,0.90) | 0.012 | 0.55(0.40,0.76) | <0.001 | 0.45(0.29,0.69) | <0.001 | 0.63(0.48,0.83) | 0.001 |
| III | 0.48(0.34,0.69) | <0.001 | 0.47(0.33,0.67) | <0.001 | 0.36(0.23,0.55) | <0.001 | 0.51(0.37,0.69) | <0.001 |
| IV | 0.51(0.35,0.75) | 0.001 | 0.18(0.09,0.36) | <0.001 | 0.27(0.17,0.44) | <0.001 | 0.52(0.35,0.76) | 0.001 |
| P trend | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Leisure-time activity, kcal/week† | ||||||||
| I | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| II | 0.99(0.69,1.43) | 0.954 | 0.68(0.47,0.97) | 0.031 | 0.67(0.40,1.14) | 0.142 | 0.85(0.64,1.14) | 0.273 |
| III | 0.72(0.49,1.06) | 0.095 | 0.57(0.39,0.83) | 0.003 | 0.60(0.36,0.99) | 0.049 | 0.60(0.44,0.83) | 0.002 |
| IV | 1.02(0.71,1.47) | 0.926 | 0.44(0.28,0.68) | <0.001 | 0.62(0.38,1.01) | 0.057 | 0.74(0.54,1.03) | 0.074 |
| V | 0.76(0.51,1.14) | 0.184 | 0.37(0.23,0.60) | <0.001 | 0.51(0.31,0.83) | 0.006 | 0.56(0.37,0.85) | 0.007 |
| P trend | 0.285 | <0.001 | 0.018 | 0.002 | ||||
| Exercise Intensity† | ||||||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Low | 0.63(0.40,0.99) | 0.049 | 0.77(0.50,1.19) | 0.238 | 0.82(0.43,1.54) | 0.532 | 0.68(0.47,0.98) | 0.039 |
| Moderate | 0.55(0.34,0.89) | 0.014 | 0.58(0.36,0.93) | 0.025 | 0.75(0.40,1.41) | 0.372 | 0.53(0.36,0.78) | 0.001 |
| High | 0.46(0.25,0.84) | 0.011 | 0.14(0.03,0.60) | 0.008 | 0.60(0.27,1.34) | 0.212 | 0.34(0.17,0.67) | 0.002 |
| P trend | 0.016 | 0.001 | 0.189 | <0.001 | ||||
*
For each analysis participants with prevalent disease at baseline were excluded. All analyses are adjusted for age (years), gender (male/female), race (white/nonwhite), education (< high school, high school, > high school), income (≤/> $ 25,000/yr), clinical sites (four categories), smoking (never, former, current), body mass index (kg/m2). All physical activity variables were updated over time.
†
See text and Supplementary Figure 1 for details on how the physical activity variables were defined.