Table 3.
Characteristics and findings of the studies reviewed
| Study/country/year | Number of patients/hips (by group) | Surgical procedure | Preoperative traction (%)/mean duration (days) | Failed closed management (hips [%]) | Mean age at reduction (months) (range or SD) | Mean followup (years) | Clinically significant AVN (number) | Satisfactory clinical outcome (%) | Satisfactory radiological outcome (%) | Further procedures (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barrett et al. [3]/US/1986 | 1. 10/14 2. 4/7 |
AOR AOR/P/F |
100%/14 No |
N/R N/R |
30 (18–62) 53 (30–72) |
8 | 14% (2/14) 14% (1/7) |
79 71 |
79 57 |
14 0 |
| Berkeley et al. [5]/US/1984 | 41/51 | AOR/P (55%)/F (89%) | 61%/15 | 39 of 51 (76%) | (12–36)† | 6 | 0% (0/51) | 100 | 92 | 4 |
| Chang et al. [7]/Taiwan/2011 | 56/63 | AOR/P | No | 15 of 63 (24%) | 21 (18–33) | 10 | 22% (14/63) | 89 | 92 | 3 |
| El-Sayed [10]/Egypt/2009 | 55/71 | AOR/P/F (96.3%) | No | 26 of 71 (37%) | 31 (24–47) | 5 | 3% (2/71) | 87 | 83 | 7 |
| Erturk et al. [11]/Turkey/2011 | 1. 19/24 2. 19/25 |
AOR/P/F | No | No | 26 (24–31.2) 41 (36–57.6) |
5 6 |
17% (4/24) 16% (4/25) |
88 96 |
75 92 |
N/R |
| Haidar et al. [14]/UK/1996 | 36/37 | AOR/P | 86%/14 | 4 of 37 (11%) | 25 (18–67) | 8 | 8% (3/37) | 97 | 84 | 5 |
| Lin et al. [22]/Taiwan/2000 | 1. */53 2. */31 |
AOR AOR /P |
N/R | N/R | 16 (12–18) | 6 | 0% (0/84) | 100 94 |
100 77 |
N/R |
| Ning et al. [26]/China/2014 | 183/206 | AOR/P/F | No | N/R | 21 (18–30) | 6 | 39% (71/206) | 84 | 83 | C/D |
| Powell et al. [28]/US/1986 | 1. 9/11 2. 12/16 3. 11/15 |
AOR AOR/F AOR/P |
Yes/> 14 | Yes (100%) | 20 (13–26) 29 (13–60) 29 (15–46) |
4 5 7 |
27% (3/11) 31% (4/16) 33% (3/15) |
N/A | 73 94 87 |
36 69 73 |
| Ruszkowski and Pucher [30]/Poland 2005 | 17/21 | AOR/P | N/R | C/D | 19 (13–24) | 12 | 19% (4/21) | 95 | 86 | C/D |
| Ryan et al. [31]/US/1998 | 1. 7/8 2. 3/3 |
AOR/P/F AOR/F |
No 66%/19 |
N/R | 52 (36 –70) 67 (52–72) |
13 9 |
25% (2/8) 33% (1/3) |
88 66 |
88 100 |
25 33 |
| Salter and Dubos [32]/Canada/1974 | ?/110 | AOR/P | Yes/14 | No | (18–48)† | 6 | C/D | C/D | 96 | C/D |
| Spence et al. [38]/UK and US/2009 | 1. 33/37 2. 38/47 |
AOR/P AOR/F |
N/R | N/R | 22 ± 5†
25 ± 7† |
6 6 |
5% (2/37) 15% (7/47) |
N/R | N/R | 11 15 |
| Subasi et al. [39]/Turkey/2008 | 18/25 | AOR/P/F | N/R | No | 54 (36–72) | 6 | 16% (4/25) | N/R | 84 | N/R |
| Tezeren et al. [40]/Turkey/2005 | 14/16 | AOR/P | No | N/R | 49 (40–61) | 5 | 0% (0/16) | 75 | 94 | N/R |
| Wu et al. [44]/Taiwan/2010 | 49/49 | AOR/P | No | No | 21 (18–36) | 11 | 37% (18/49) | 71 | 86 | 0 |
| Zadeh et al. [45]/ UK/2000 | 82/95 | AOR/P (32%)/F (84%) | Yes/> 7 | 59 of 95 (62%) | 28 (9–79) | 15 | 6% (6/95) | N/R | 86 | 8 |
| Zionts et al. [46]/US/1986 | 1. 4/5 2. 6/7 3. 1/1 |
AOR AOR/P AOR/F |
Yes/21 | 12 of 12 (100%) | 24 (19–31) 24 (13–36) 17 |
8 16 11 |
0% (0/5) 29% (2/7) 0% (0/1) |
100 86 100 |
80 43 100 |
100 57 100 |
*Seventy-seven patients in total; breakdown by group not given; †no mean age range given; AVN = avascular necrosis; AOR = anterior open reduction; P = pelvic osteotomy; F = femoral osteotomy; N/R = not recorded; C/D = cannot determine from the paper.