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. 2016 Mar 31;7:426. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00426

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Copyright © 2016 Derakhshani, De Buck, Mortier, Barkema, Krause and Khafipour.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Graphic summary of alpha-diversity indices. Comparison of Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices of (A) fecal microbiota, and (B) ileal mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) between MAP-infected and control animals. Statistical analyses were conducted based on PROCMIXED procedure of SAS. The null hypotheses being tested was that the mean of diversity indices of the ileal MAM and the fecal microbiota of infected calves are similar to control group. P < 0.05 were considered significant. Trends were discussed at P < 0.1.