Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Mar 31;10:109. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00109

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2016 Israel, Oliet and Ciofi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Electrical activities in VP neurons in hypothalamic organotypic cultures. (A) Transition from irregular (top, control medium) to phasic (bottom, +25 mOsm medium) activity in a VP neuron by a hyperosmotic stimulus. Note rhythmic drive [with a cycling period (c.p.) of 28 s] in phasic firing-mode only. (B) Increase in rhythm quality in a spontaneously phasic VP neuron (top, control medium) by a hyperosmotic stimulus (middle, +25 mOsm medium) and the dependence of phasic firing on glutamatergic inputs (bottom). Note that hyperosmolality increases the cycling period (c.p.) and the quality of the rhythm (a), while CNQX (10⁻⁶ M) abolishes spiking and rhythmic drive (depolarization by two successive current injections (arrowheads) induces spontaneous firing not supported by a rhythmic drive).