. 2016 Mar 31;10:127. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00127

Table 2.

List of the top 50 most commonly identified proteins in exosome preparations.

	Protein name	Gene	Times^a	Function
1	CD9 antigen	CD9	98	Integral membrane protein
2	Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein^*	HSPA8	96	Protein folding
3	Programmed cell death 6 interacting protein	PDCD6IP	96	Adapter in vesicle trafficking
4	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase^*	GAPDH	95	Glycolysis
5	Actin, beta^*	ACTB	93	Cytoskeletal
6	Annexin A2^*	ANXA2	83	Vesicle trafficking
7	CD63 antigen	CD63	82	Integral membrane protein
8	Syntenin-1	SDCBP	78	Protein membrane scaffolding
9	Alpha-enolase^*	ENO1	78	Glycolysis
10	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha^*	HSP90AA1	77	Protein folding
11	Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein	TSG101	75	Vesicle trafficking
12	Pyruvate kinase PKM^*	PKM	72	Glycolysis
13	L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain^*	LDHA	72	Glycolysis/ Krebs cycle
14	Elongation factor 1-alpha 1^*	EEF1A1	71	Translation
15	14-3-3 protein zeta/delta^*	YWHAZ	69	Adapter in signaling
16	Phosphoglycerate kinase 1^*	PGK1	69	Glycolysis
17	Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase^*	EEF2	69	Translation
18	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A^*	ALDOA	69	Glycolysis
19	Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha class B member 1^*	HSP90AB1	67	Protein folding
20	Annexin A5^*	ANXA5	67	Vesicle trafficking
21	Fatty acid synthase	FASN	66	Fatty acid biosynthesis
22	14-3-3 protein epsilon^*	YWHAE	65	Adapter in signaling
23	Clathrin heavy chain 1	CLTC	64	Component of coated vesicles
24	CD81 antigen	CD81	64	Integral membrane protein
25	Serum albumin	ALB	63	Extracellular (aspecific binding?)
26	Valosin-containing protein^*	VCP	62	Protein degradation
27	Triosephosphate isomerase^*	TPI1	62	Glycolysis
28	Peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)^*	PPIA	62	Protein folding
29	Moesin^*	MSN	62	Cytoskeletal
30	Cofilin-1^*	CFL1	62	Cytoskeletal
31	Peroxiredoxin-1^*	PRDX1	61	Redox regulation
32	Profilin-1^*	PFN1	61	Cytoskeletal
33	Ras-related protein Rap-1b	RAP1B	60	Small GTPase
34	Integrin, beta-1	ITGB1	60	Integral membrane protein
35	78 kDa glucose-regulated protein	HSPA5	58	Protein folding
36	4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain	SLC3A2	57	Integral membrane protein
37	Histone H4^*	HIST1H4A	57	DNA binding
38	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta 2^*	GNB2	57	Small GTPase
39	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase alpha-1	ATP1A1	57	Metabolic process
40	14-3-3 protein theta^*	YWHAQ	56	Adapter in signaling
41	Flotillin-1	FLOT1	56	Vesicle trafficking
42	Filamin-A	FLNA	56	Cytoskeletal
43	Chloride intracellular channel protein 1^*	CLIC1	56	Ion channel
44	T-complex protein 1 subunit beta^*	CCT2	56	Protein folding
45	CDC42 small effector protein 1	CDC42	55	Small GTPase
46	14-3-3 protein gamma	YWHAG	54	Adapter in signaling
47	Alpha-2-macroglobulin	A2M	54	Extracellular (aspecific binding?)
48	Tubulin alpha-1B chain^*	TUBA1B	53	Cytoskeletal
49	Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1	RAC1	53	Small GTPase
50	Galectin-3-binding protein	LGALS3BP	53	Cell adhesion

Number of times identified in the studies collected by the Exocarta database (Mathivanan and Simpson, 2009; Keerthikumar et al., 2015a), release date 29 July 2015; proteins indicated in bold are often used as exosome markers.

Very abundant proteins in human cells [protein copies per cell > 100 × 10⁶ (Beck et al., 2011)].