Table 2.

ART regimen sequencing and efficacy by era

Era		Regimen	Year regimen available	Proportion of patients achieving virologic suppression at 24 weeksa	Estimated CD4 increase at 12 months for suppressed patients (cells/µL)	Reference
ERA 1 (1997–1999)	1)	AZT + 3TC + IDV	1997	60	140	[30]
	2)	Alternative regimens after PI failure, w/o genotype*	1997	22b	100	[31]
	3)	EFV + 2NRTIs (3TC/d4T or 3TC/ddI or d4T/ddI)	2000	62	140	[32]
	4)	LPV/r + 2NRTIs*	2000	62	100	[33]
	5)	ATV/r + TDF + 1NRTI	2004	65	110	[33]
	6)	ENF + optimized background*	2006	30	140	[34]
	7)	RAL + DRV/r + 2NRTIs	2008	75	150	[35]
	8)	ETV + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	70	150	[36]
	9)	CCR5 + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	60	140	[37]
ERA 2 (2000–2003)	1)	EFV + AZT + 3TC	2000	80	180	[38]
	2)	LPV/R + 2NRTIs*	2000	62	100	[33]
	3)	Alternative regimens after PI failure, with genotype*	2000	34b	90	[31]
	4)	ATV/r + TDF + 1NRTI	2004	65	110	[33]
	5)	ENF + optimized background*	2006	30	140	[34]
	6)	RAL + DRV/r + 2NRTIs	2008	75	150	[35]
	7)	ETV + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	70	150	[36]
	8)	CCR5 + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	60	140	[37]
ERA 3 (2004–2007)	1)	EFV + AZT + 3TC	2004	80	180	[38]
	2)	LPV/r + 2NRTIs	2004	62	100	[33]
	3)	ATV/r + TDF + 1NRTI	2004	65	110	[33]
	4)	ENF + optimized background*	2006	30	140	[34]
	5)	RAL + DRV/r + 2NRTIs	2008	75	150	[35]
	6)	ETV + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	70	150	[36]
	7)	CCR5 + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	60	140	[37]
ERA 4 (2008–2012)	1)	EFV + AZT + 3TC	2008	80	180	[38]
	2)	LPV/r + 2NRTIs*	2008	62	100	[33]
	3)	ATV/r + TDF + 1NRTI	2008	80	120	[39]
	4)	RAL + DRV/r + 2NRTIs	2008	75	150	[35]
	5)	ENF + optimized background*	2008	30	140	[34]
	6)	ETV + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	70	150	[36]
	7)	CCR5 + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	60	140	[37]
ERA 5 (2013)	1)	TDF + FTC + EFV	2013	90	200	[38]
	2)	ATV/r + 2NRTIs	2013	80	130	[39]
	3)	RAL + DRV/r + 2NRTIs	2013	75	150	[35]
	4)	ETV + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	70	150	[36]
	5)	CCR5 + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2013	60	140	[37]
ERA 6 (2014)	1)	TDF + FTC + EFV	2014	90	200	[38]
	2)	ATV/r + 2NRTIs	2014	80	130	[39]
	3)	RAL + DRV/r + 2NRTIs	2014	75	150	[35]
	4)	ETV + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2014	70	150	[36]
	5)	CCR5 + PI/r + 2NRTIs	2014	60	140	[37]

HVL: HIV viral load; AZT: zidovudine; 3TC: lamivudine; IDV: indinavir; PI: protease inhibitor; EFV: efavirenz; NRTI: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, d4T: stavudine; ddI: didanosine; LPV: lopinavir; r: boosted ritonavir; ATV: atazanavir; TDF: tenofovir; FTC: emtricitabine; ENF: enfurvitide; RAL: raltegravir; DRV: darunavir; ETV: etravirine; CCR5: C-C chemokine receptor type 5.

^aVirologic suppression defined as HVL < 400 or <500 copies/mL, depending on the source

^bsuppression was assessed at 12 weeks because of reporting in the source.

^*Indicates a regimen that will be skipped if a subsequent, more effective regimen is available.

Bolded regimens are those available at the beginning of each era.