Table 1.
Comparison of patient and operative characteristics between the drain and no-drain group
| Postoperative external bile drain (n = 89) | No postoperative external bile drain (n = 36) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (range) | 62 (36–79) | 63 (40–81) | 0.360 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 56 (63) | 25 | 0.489 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (range) | 24 (18–37) | 25 (18–32) | 0.429 |
| Jaundice at presentation, n (%) | 69 (78%) | 27 | 0.680 |
| Preoperative bilirubin, μmol/L, median (range) | 16 (5–70) | 11 (4–55) | 0.015 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 0.003 | ||
| None | 6 (7%) | 6 | |
| EBD | 37 (42%) | 24 | |
| PTBD | 11 (12%) | 2 | |
| Both | 35 (39%) | 4 | |
| Preoperative cholangitis, n (%) | 35 (39%) | 16 | 0.598 |
| ASA classification, n (%) | 0.906 | ||
| I | 19 (21%) | 9 | |
| II | 57 (64%) | 22 | |
| III | 13 (15%) | 5 | |
| Bismuth-Corlette stage | 0.324 | ||
| I | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| II | 4 (5%) | 5 | |
| IIIa | 39 (44%) | 11 | |
| IIIb | 18 (20%) | 9 | |
| IV | 19 (21%) | 6 | |
| left or right duct | 8 (9%) | 5 | |
| Surgical procedure, n (%) | 0.085 | ||
| Left hemihepatectomy | 27 (30%) | 11 | |
| Extended left hemihepatectomy | 14 (16%) | 6 | |
| Right hemihepatectomy | 9 (10%) | 10 | |
| Extended right hemihepatectomy | 36 (40%) | 9 | |
| Central hepatectomy | 3 (2%) | 0 | |
| CBD resection | 0.063 | ||
| No | 0 | 2 | |
| 1 biliary anastomosis | 60 (67%) | 27 | |
| 2 biliary anastomoses | 26 (29%) | 7 | |
| 3 or 4 biliary anastomoses | 3 (3%) | 0 | |
| Portal vein reconstruction, n (%) | 26 (29%) | 6 | 0.146 |
| No. of postoperative external drains | |||
| 1 | 55 (62%) | – | |
| 2 | 31 (35%) | – | |
| 3 | 2 (2%) | – | |
| >3 | 1 (1%) | – | |
| Operation time, minutes, median (range) | 499 (346–1011) | 425 (280–738) | <0.001 |
| Portal vein embolization | 3 (3%) | 4 | 0.105 |
| FLR volume, % of total, median (range) | 52 (16–90) | 49 (20–92) | 0.899 |
| FLR < 40% | 30 (34%) | 13 | 0.848 |