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. 2016 Mar 31;7:402. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00402

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Copyright © 2016 Sharma and Nayyar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Genes regulating cell differentiation in early stages (1–5) of anther development. Three cell layers (L1, L2, L3) present in anther primordium divide to form: L1: epidermis (E), L2: endothecium (En), middle layer (ML), tapetum (T), and pollen mother cell (PMC), L3: connective tissue and vascular bundle (C). The development of L2 to En, ML, T, and PMC proceed through several intermediates, e.g., primary parietal cell, archesporial cell, secondary parietal cell, primary sporogenous cell, secondary sporogenous cell. The genes are shown in italics. AG: AGAMOUS, SEP: SEPTELLA, BAM: BARELY ANY MERISTEM, ROXY1/2: Arabidopsis CC-TYPE GLUTAREDOXINS, SPL/NZZ: SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE, TCP: TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF transcription factors, SERK: SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE, EMS1/EXS: EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1/EXTRA SPOROGENOUS CELLS, RPK2: RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE2, DYT1: DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1, TPD1: TAPETAL DETERMINANT 1, TPL/TPR: TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED.