Table 4.
Postoperative complications n (%)
| EEN + PN (n = 87) | TPN (n = 253) | P value | |
| Bile leakage | 7 (8.0) | 12 (4.7) | 0.280 |
| Pancreatic fistulas | 13 (14.9) | 27 (10.7) | 0.334 |
| Intraperitoneal infection | 16 (18.4) | 26 (10.3) | 0.059 |
| Intraperitoneal bleeding | 1 (1.1) | 10 (4.0) | 0.301 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 4 (4.6) | 11 (4.3) | 1.000 |
| Pulmonary infection | 9 (10.3) | 9 (3.6) | 0.024 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1.000 |
| Chylous leakage | 1 (1.1) | 3 (1.2) | 1.000 |
| Wound infection | 8 (9.2) | 23 (9.1) | 1.000 |
| Delayed gastric emptying | 14 (16.1) | 17 (6.7) | 0.016 |
| Grade B | 9 (10.3) | 11 (4.3) | |
| Grade C | 5 (5.7) | 6 (2.4) | |
| Unplanned reoperation | 4 (4.6) | 7 (2.8) | 0.482 |
| In-hospital death | 2 (2.3) | 4 (1.6) | 0.204 |
| EN-related complications | 28 (32.2) | - | |
| Abdominal distention | 17 (19.5) | - | |
| Abdominal cramps | 15 (17.2) | - | |
| Vomiting | 10 (11.5) | - | |
| Diarrhea | 9 (10.3) | - |
EEN: Early postoperative enteral nutrition; PN: Parenteral nutrition; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.