. 2016 Mar 31;4:30. doi: 10.3389/fped.2016.00030

Table 1.

Summary of monitoring devices.

Variable	Monitor	Data acquisition feasible	Normative values established^a	Comments	Strength of recommendation
SpO₂	Pulse oximeter	+	+	Accurate but unable to detect hyperoxemia	Class I
HR	Pulse oximeter	+	+	Accurate but time delay in data acquisition	Class I
HR	ECG	+	+	Rapid accurate data acquisition	Class I
Peripheral perfusion	Echocardiography/NICOM	+	−	Not assessed in preterm infants	Class III
Peripheral perfusion	Perfusion index	+	+	Normative values highly variable in newborns	Class III
ETT position	CO₂ detector	+	n/a	Reduces time to confirmation of correct placement	Class I
Facemask ventilation effectiveness	CO₂ detector	+	n/a	Reduces mask leak and obstruction	Class IIa
	CO₂ detector	+	n/a	Further RCTs required	Class IIa
	Capnography	+	−	Reduces mask leak and obstruction	Class IIa
	Capnography	+	−	Further RCTs required	Class IIa
	Respiratory function monitor	+	−	Reduces mask leak and obstruction	Class IIa
	Respiratory function monitor	+	−	Further RCTs required	Class IIa
Cerebral oxygenation	NIRS	+	+	Advise as part of further RCTs	Class IIb
Cerebral activity	EEG	+	−	Advise further feasibility trials and establishment of normative reference values	Class III

^aFor preterm infants, <32 weeks gestation in the immediate newborn period.