Figure 4.
(a) Effect of oleic acid content on MnGly catalyzed biodiesel production using 95 wt.% ethanol. Reaction conditions: reaction temperature (150 °C), feedstock-to-ethanol molar ratio (1:20), catalyst loading (6 wt.%) and reaction time (3 h). Effect of (b) reaction temperature, (c) feedstock-to-ethanol molar ratio and (d) catalyst loading on MyGly catalyzed one-step simultaneous esterification and transesterification with 95 wt.% ethanol and 3 wt.% of oleic acid.