Table 2. Catalytic activity of MnGly towards biodiesel production from simulated bioethanol of different water content.
| Ethanol (wt.%) | Conversiona (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Jatropha oil |
Refined canola oil with 7.5 wt.% oleic acid |
|||
| 5 h | 10 h | 5 h | 10 h | |
| 100 | 99.1 | – | 99.9 | – |
| 95 | 93.8 | 99.8 | 94.4 | 99.9 |
| 90 | 86.9 | 99.6 | 87.7 | 99.5 |
| 85 | 82.3 | 99.3 | 82.1 | 99.5 |
| 80 | 80.4 | 99.6 | 79.1 | 99.3 |
| 75 | 76.4 | 98.8 | 76.6 | 99.6 |
| 70 | 72.5 | 99.0 | 73.6 | 99.5 |
| 60 | 68.9 | 98.3 | 70.1 | 98.5 |
| 50 | 65.2 | 98.2 | 68.3 | 98.0 |
| 40 | 62.0 | 92.5 | 62.6 | 91.1 |
| 30 | 57.3 | 86.5 | 60.0 | 87.0 |
| 20 | 50.6 | 71.7 | 52.6 | 71.8 |
aReaction conditions: reaction temperature (150 °C), feedstock-to-ethanol molar ratio (1:20) and catalyst loading (6 wt.%).