Table 3. Logistic regression analysis for the presence of carotid plaque based on the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Risk factors	Reference	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	p
Age	—	1.07 (1.05, 1.08)	<0.001
Gender:
Men	Women	1.69 (1.35, 2.11)	<0.001
Education	—	1.01 (0.98, 1.03)	0.623
Hypertension	Non-hypertension	1.41 (1.16, 1.71)	<0.001
Diabetes	Non-diabetes	1.47 (1.17, 1.86)	0.001
BMI:
Overweight	Normal weight	0.88 (0.72, 1.07)	0.186
Obesity	Normal weight	0.88 (0.70, 1.12)	0.309
Smoking status:
Ever smoking	Never smoking	0.86 (0.58, 1.29)	0.475
Current smoking	Never smoking	1.45 (1.11, 1.88)	0.006
Alcohol drinking status:
Ever drinking	Never drinking	1.25 (0.59, 2.68)	0.560
Current drinking (L1)	Never drinking	0.64 (0.41, 0.99)	0.048
Current drinking (L2)	Never drinking	0.57 (0.35, 0.94)	0.026
Current drinking (L3)	Never drinking	0.72 (0.42, 1.24)	0.239
Current drinking (L4)	Never drinking	0.80 (0.51, 1.25)	0.324
High TC	Normal TC	0.77 (0.55, 1.08)	0.130
High TG	Normal TG	1.01 (0.82, 1.25)	0.910
Low HDL-C	Normal HDL-C	0.90 (0.70, 1.14)	0.365
High LDL-C	Normal LDL-C	3.92 (2.70, 5.69)	<0.001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval;

L1, amount of alcohol consumption per week <300 g; L2, amount of alcohol consumption per week 300–500 g; L3, amount of alcohol consumption per week 501–750 gram; L4, amount of alcohol consumption per week >750 g.

TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.