Figure 10.

Model of the Regulatory Mechanism of INF1-PTI and AVR3a-ETI ROS Bursts.

Sensing INF1 by the PRR triggers the early phase ROS burst, which is not required for de novo RNA synthesis, and the late phase ROS burst. Perception of INF1 and AVR3a by receptors leads to activation of the MAPK cascade. Activated MAPK phosphorylates and activates WRKY7, 8, 9, and 11. These WRKYs bind to the W-box in the RBOHB promoter, resulting in upregulation of the RBOHB gene. Supply of newly synthesized RBOHB to the plasma membrane may contribute to the late phase INF1-PTI and AVR3a-ETI ROS bursts.