Inner and outer cores of MtrF. (A) The inner core of MtrF, comprising TMs 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 (colored blue), contributes to dimerization as well as formation of a frame‐like structure housing the outer core of the protomer. The outer core of MtrF is composed of TMs 3, 4, 8, 9 as well as HPs 1 and 2 (colored yellow). (B) The outer core of MtrF forms a channel (colored purple) spanning approximately from the middle of the inner membrane up to the periplasmic space. This channel was calculated using the program CAVER (http://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/caver). The secondary structural elements of the MtrF protomer are in yellow. Residues D193, W420, P438, and D449 are in green sticks.