Table 1.

Human diseases and western lifestyle: prevalence and LOMD.

Disease	LOMD	References	Increased prevalence in western countries	References
IMMUNE DISEASES
Crohn's Disease	+	Manichanh et al., 2006; Dey et al., 2013; Sha et al., 2013; Matsuoka and Kanai, 2015	+	Lehtinen et al., 2011
Ulcerative Colitis	+	Michail et al., 2012; Sha et al., 2013	+	Lehtinen et al., 2011
Type 1 diabetes mellitus	+	Giongo et al., 2010; De Goffau et al., 2013; Kostic et al., 2015	+	Harjutsalo et al., 2008; Andersson et al., 2014
Multiple Sclerosis	ND	Bhargava and Mowry, 2014	+	Mayr et al., 2003
Celiac Disease	+	Schippa et al., 2010	+	Lohi et al., 2007
Allergy	+	Wang et al., 2008; Ismail et al., 2012; Abrahamsson et al., 2014	+	Latvala et al., 2005; Eder et al., 2006
METABOLIC DISEASES
Obesity	+	Turnbaugh et al., 2009	+	WHO | Obesity and overweight
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	-		+	WHO | Diabetes
CANCER
Colorectal cancer	+	Ahn et al., 2013	+	European Cancer Observatory http://eco.iarc.fr/
OTHERS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	+	Carroll et al., 2012; Durbán et al., 2012	–	Lovell and Ford, 2012
Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection	+	Chang et al., 2008	ND
Autism	+	Kang et al., 2013	+	Atladottir et al., 2015
Necrotising Enterocolitis	+	Stewart et al., 2013	ND
Graft Versus Host Disease	+	Jenq et al., 2012	ND

WHO | Diabetes WHO. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ [Accessed September 29, 2015].

WHO | Obesity and overweight WHO. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ [Accessed September 29, 2015].

ND, No Data.