TABLE 1.
Descriptive characteristics by age category
| Age <8 (N=66) | Age 8-12 (N=203) | Age 12-17 (N=299) | Age>17 (N=315) | Total (N=883) | P Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | 0.167 | |||||
| White | 55(83.34%) | 182(89.66%) | 278(92.98%) | 284(90.16%) | 799(90.49%) | |
| Black or African America | 3(4.54%) | 4(1.97%) | 3(1.00%) | 10(3.17%) | 20(2.26%) | |
| Other | 3(4.54%) | 10(4.93%) | 13(4.35%) | 10(3.17%) | 36(4.08%) | |
| Unknown | 5(7.58%) | 7(3.45%) | 5(1.67%) | 11(3.50%) | 28(3.17%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.113 | |||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 56(84.85%) | 178(87.68%) | 268(89.63%) | 286(90.79%) | 788(89.24%) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 7(10.61%) | 23(11.33%) | 28(9.36%) | 20(6.35%) | 78(8.83%) | |
| Unknown | 3(4.55%) | 2(0.99%) | 3(1.00%) | 9(2.86%) | 17(1.93%) | |
| Gender | 0.010 | |||||
| Male | 34(51.52%) | 104(51.23%) | 193(63.55%) | 189(60.00%) | 520(58.89%) | |
| Duration of T1D (days) | 52(36-71) | 55(41-72) | 58(39-73) | 57(37-72) | 56(38-72) | 0.717 |
| Family members with T1D? | 0.023 | |||||
| Yes | 23(34.85%) | 55(27.09%) | 68(22.74%) | 72(22.86%) | 218(24.69%) | |
| No | 23(34.85%) | 104(51.23%) | 146(48.83%) | 136(43.17%) | 409(46.32%) | |
| Unknown | 20(30.30%) | 44(21.67%) | 85(28.43%) | 107(33.97%) | 256(28.99%) | |
| Other Autoimmune Disease? | 0.232 | |||||
| Yes | 2(3.03%) | 13(6.40%) | 10(3.34%) | 22(6.98%) | 47(5.32%) | |
| No | 55(83.33%) | 174(85.71%) | 260(86.96%) | 254(80.63%) | 743(84.14%) | |
| Unknown | 9(13.64%) | 16(7.89%) | 29(9.70%) | 39(12.39%) | 93(10.54%) | |
| BMI Z Score; mean (± SD) | 0.37(± 0.90) | 0.44(±0.99) | 0.418(±0.88) | 0.24(±0.92) | 0.39(±0.92) | 0.294 |
| Overweight1 | 5(7.58%) | 33(16.26%) | 43(14.38%) | 63(20.00%) | 144(16.31%) | 0.045 |
| Obese2 | 5 (7.58%) | 21(10.34%) | 17(5.69%) | 29(9.21%) | 72(8.15%) | |
| HbA1c | 0.658 | |||||
| N Tested | 35 | 142 | 237 | 216 | 630 | |
| % (± SD) | 7.01(± 0.69) | 7.10(±1.27) | 7.16 ±1.27) | 7.01(±1.53) | 7.09 ±1.34) | |
| MMTT C-peptide; pmol/mL (± SD) | ||||||
| N Tested | 52 | 192 | 267 | 269 | 780 | |
| 2-hr AUC mean | 1.21 (±0.53) | 1.92 (±0.96) | 2.40 (±1.08) | 2.48 (±1.13) | 2.24 (±1.14) | <0.001 |
| 2-hr peak | 1.52 (±0.65) | 2.29 (±1.22) | 2.97 (±1.34) | 3.19 (±1.71) | 2.78 (±1.50) | <0.001 |
| Auto-antibodies; N positive/N tested (%) | ||||||
| GAD65 | 28/50(56%) | 100/165(61%) | 180/255(80%) | 203/293(69%) | 511/763(67%) | 0.047 |
| IA-2ab | 34/50 (68%) | 108/165(66%) | 175/255(69%) | 135/293(46%) | 452/763(59%) | <0.001 |
| ICA | 43/63 (68%) | 130/202(64%) | 188/287(66%) | 153/311(43%) | 514/863(60%) | <0.001 |
** For categorical data, Chi-sq or Fisher exact test was used; for continuous data, ANOVA was done to test the mean difference among the groups.
1
BMI>25 for age>18 or zBMI 85th-95th %ile for age<18.
2
BMI>30 for age>18 or zBMI >95th %ile for age<18.