Table 2.
Distribution of Different Risk Factors in the Case and Control Groups
| Risk factors | Case group n (%) |
Control Group
n (%) |
P -value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prenatal risk factors | Order of birth | First child | 135(67.5 ) | 134(67 ) | 0.746 |
| Second to sixth child | 65(32.5 ) | 66(33 ) | |||
| Complication during pregnancy | yes | 44(22 ) | 1(0.5 ) | 0.000 | |
| no | 156(78 ) | 199(99.5) | |||
| Microcephaly at birth | yes | 10(5 ) | 0 | 0.006 | |
| no | 190(95 ) | 200(100 ) | |||
| Living place | Urban | 166(83 ) | 135(67.5 ) | 0.000 | |
| Village | 33(16.5 ) | 63(31.5 ) | |||
| Suburban | 1(0.5 ) | 2(1 ) | |||
| Maternal age | Under 20 yrs | 4(2 ) | 7(3.5 ) | 0.397 | |
| 20-35 yrs | 182(91 ) | 186(93 ) | |||
| Over 35 yrs | 14(7 ) | 7(3.5 ) | |||
| Type of pregnancy | Planned | 181(90.5 ) | 188(94 ) | 0.107 | |
| Unwanted | 15(7.5 ) | 12(6 ) | |||
| Assisted | 4(2 ) | 0 | |||
| Birth weight | Normal weight | 190(95 ) | 198(99 ) | 0.02 | |
| IUGR | 10 (5 ) | 2(1 ) | |||
| Perinatatal factors | Route of delivery | Normal vaginal | 107(53.5 ) | 152(76 ) | 0.000 |
| Abnormal vaginal | 2(1 ) | 0 | |||
| C/S | 91(45.5 ) | 48(24 ) | |||
| Prematurity | Preterm labor | 50(25 ) | 18(9 ) | 0.004 | |
| Term labor | 150(75 ) | 182(93 ) | |||
| Postnatal factors | Site of admission | Neonatal emergency | 84(42 ) | 22(11 ) | 0.000 |
| No admission | 92(46 ) | 166(83 ) | |||
| Neonatal intensive care unit | 24(12 ) | 12(6 ) | |||
| Management for hyperbilirubinemia | Exchange transfusion | 23(12 ) | 0 | 0.000 | |
| Phototherapy | 52(26 ) | 33(16.5 ) | |||
| No treatment | 125(63 ) | 167(83.5 ) | |||