TABLE 1—
Prevalence of Injection Drug Use Among Black Individuals (Aged 15–64 Years) Over Time and Possible Structural Predictors of This Prevalence: 95 Large US Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1992–2007
| Variable | Median | 25th Percentile | 75th Percentile |
| Prevalence of IDU per 10 000 Black individuals (aged 15–64 y), 1993 | 280.72 | 178.38 | 401.56 |
| Change between 1993 and 2007 | −106.14 | −174.47 | −40.56 |
| Socioeconomic domain | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| % residents who were non-Hispanic Black, 1992 | 9.55 | 6.00 | 17.43 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 0.60 | −0.15 | 1.76 |
| % residents who were non-Hispanic White, 1992 | 77.39 | 64.48 | 84.31 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | −3.18 | −5.71 | −0.57 |
| Schooling | |||
| % Black adults (≥ 26 y) who did not have a high-school diploma or GED, 1992 | 23.01 | 19.06 | 24.83 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | −4.31 | −6.07 | −2.24 |
| % White adults (≥ 26 y) who did not have a high-school diploma or GED, 1992 | 12.42 | 10.47 | 14.39 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | −1.44 | −2.57 | 0.75 |
| Employment | |||
| % Black adults (≥ 16 y) who were employed, 1992 | 69.95 | 66.02 | 72.95 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 2.35 | −3.13 | 5.64 |
| % White adults (≥ 16 y) who were employed, 1992 | 80.80 | 79.05 | 83.21 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 0.67 | −1.35 | 3.70 |
| Poverty | |||
| % households headed by Black adults below the federal poverty line, 1992 | 25.84 | 21.82 | 30.43 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | −1.74 | −3.92 | 1.28 |
| % households headed by White adults below the federal poverty line, 1992 | 7.38 | 6.10 | 9.09 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 1.43 | 0.52 | 2.16 |
| Median income, US$ | |||
| Households headed by Black adults, 1992 | 23 051.5 | 20 977.4 | 26 099.6 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 15 780.8 | 8 602.04 | 22 529.4 |
| Households headed by White adults, 1992 | 32 619.2 | 31 034.5 | 46 391.4 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 20 137.7 | 13 871.7 | 25 144.2 |
| Criminal justice activities domain | |||
| Hard-druga arrest rate | |||
| Black adults, per 10 000 Black adults 1992 | 85.14 | 42.81 | 139.03 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | −26.46 | −56.76 | 12.69 |
| White adults, per 10 000 White adults, aged 15–49 y, 1992 | 6.47 | 3.14 | 15.77 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 4.19 | 0.23 | 7.45 |
| Jailed population rate | |||
| Black adults, per 10 000 Black adults, 1993 | 93.92 | 49.16 | 129.78 |
| Change between 1993 and 2005 | 19.00 | −0.99 | 53.89 |
| White adults, per 10 000 White adults, 1993 | 9.84 | 6.72 | 15.59 |
| Change between 1993 and 2005 | 7.65 | 4.15 | 14.60 |
| Expenditures on social welfare and policing | |||
| Expenditures on public welfare, US$, per 1000 residents, 1992 |
54.44 | 13.68 | 157.59 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 30.90 | 0.32 | 86.64 |
| Expenditures on public health, US$, per 1000 residents, 1992 | 40.32 | 24.24 | 86.87 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 37.95 | 17.38 | 96.42 |
| Expenditures on policing, US$, per 1000 residents, 1992 | 117.08 | 89.54 | 143.99 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | 113.16 | 87.24 | 149.76 |
| Historical context and deaths among injectors diagnosed with AIDS | |||
| Per capita disbursements on urban renewal (1949–1974), US$ | 126.26 | 57.92 | 187.11 |
| Number of large (> 50 participants) uprisings about racial conflicts (1960–1969) | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Death rate among Black injectors diagnosed with AIDS, per 10 000 Black injectors, 1992 | 70.22 | 33.36 | 145.76 |
| Change between 1992 and 2006 | −21.83 | −67.31 | 9.90 |
Note. GED = general equivalency diploma; IDU = injection drug use.
a
“Hard drugs” are opiates and cocaine and cocaine derivatives.