TABLE 3—
Mediating Factors of the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Position Indicators and Mortality: The Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study, 1999–2012
| Mortality Risk Before Age 70 Years |
Mortality Risk at Any Age |
|||
| Index of Socioeconomic Position | HR (95% CI) | % Risk Reduction (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | % Risk Reduction (95% CI) |
| IRSD (most disadvantaged compared with least disadvantaged) | ||||
| Model 1: age, gender | 1.48 (1.08, 2.01) | (Ref) | 1.35 (1.12, 1.63) | (Ref) |
| Model 2: age, gender, and education | 1.31 (0.96, 1.80) | 35 (12, > 200) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.55) | 23 (3, 112) |
| Model 3: age, gender, and behavioral variables | 1.31 (0.96, 1.79) | 35 (0, 87) | 1.28 (1.06, 1.54) | 20 (9, 54) |
| Model 4: age, gender, behavioral variables, and stress | 1.29 (0.94, 1.77) | 40 (14, > 200) | 1.28 (1.06, 1.55) | 20 (5, 57) |
| Model 5: age, gender, and all cardiometabolic variables | 1.36 (0.99, 1.87) | 25 (0, 150) | 1.30 (1.07, 1.57) | 14 (0, 71) |
| Model 6: age, gender, education, behavioral variables, cardiometabolic variables, and stress | 1.11 (0.80, 1.53) | 77 (27, > 200) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.47) | 40 (12, 175) |
| ARIA (inner regions compared with major cities) | ||||
| Model 1: age, gender | 1.36 (1.07, 1.73) | (Ref) | 1.18 (1.02, 1.37) | (Ref) |
| Model 2: age, gender, and education | 1.33 (1.05, 1.69) | 8 (0, 59) | 1.18 (1.01, 1.37) | 0 (0, 48) |
| Model 3: age, gender, and behavioral variables | 1.33 (1.05, 1.68) | 8 (5, 59) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.37) | 6 (0, 33) |
| Model 4: age, gender, behavioral variables, and stress | 1.30 (1.02, 1.65) | 17 (1, 60) | 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) | 22 (0-156) |
| Model 5: age, gender, and all cardiometabolic variables | 1.36 (1.07, 1.73) | 0 (0, 20) | 1.20 (1.03, 1.39) | −11 (0, 7) |
| Model 6: age, gender, education, behavioral variables, cardiometabolic variables, and stress | 1.28 (1.00, 1.63) | 22 (0, 114) | 1.16 (1.00, 1.36) | 11 (0, 53) |
| Educational level (lowest level compared with highest level) | ||||
| Model 1: age, gender | 1.64 (1.17, 2.30) | (Ref) | 1.39 (1.08, 1.79) | (Ref) |
| Model 2: age, gender, and IRSD | 1.53 (1.08, 2.17) | 17 (0, 54) | 1.30 (1.00, 1.68) | 23 (0, 118) |
| Model 3: age, gender, and behavioral variables | 1.47 (1.05, 2.07) | 27 (13, 91) | 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) | 28 (3, 66) |
| Model 4: age, gender, behavioral variables, and stress | 1.45 (1.03, 2.05) | 30 (10, 90) | 1.26 (0.98, 1.63) | 33 (10, 146) |
| Model 5: age, gender, and all cardiometabolic variables | 1.51 (1.07, 2.12) | 20 (5, 81) | 1.32 (1.02, 1.70) | 18 (5, 145) |
| Model 6: age, gender, IRSD, behavioral variables, cardiometabolic variables, and stress | 1.34 (0.95, 1.90) | 47 (14, 158) | 1.15 (0.89, 1.50) | 62 (16, > 200) |
Note. ARIA = Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; IRSD = Index of Relative Social Disadvantage. Data are hazard ratios from different Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for individual risk factors and calculation of the percentage of risk reduction attributed to each factor. CIs around the risk reduction were derived from bootstrapping techniques. The fully adjusted model included adjustment for age, gender, education or IRDS, smoking status, physical activity, diet quality index, diabetes, hypertension, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and stress.