Figure 4.

NTAP induces ROS-, JNK- and caspase-independent cytotoxicity in glioma cells. Both HeLa (A) and U373MG (B) cells were preloaded for 1 h with 4 mM NAC. Cells were then treated with H₂O₂ or exposed to NTAP. After 48 h, cell was analysed using the Alamar blue assay. Data shown were normalised to the untreated control and are shown as the % mean±s.e.m. (n=minimum 20). All experiments were repeated at least three times. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison post test (*P<0.05). (C) Following NTAP treamtent, cells were loaded with increasing concentrations of SB600125 (0–50 μM) inhibitor and incubated for 48 h. Cells were then analysed using Alamar blue cell viability assay. (D) U373MG cells were pretreated with increasing concentrations of zVAD-FMK for 1 h before NTAP treatment. Cells were then incubated for 48 h and analysed by Alamar blue. Data shown were normalised to the untreated control and are shown as the % mean±s.e.m. (n=minimum 20). All experiments were repeated at least three times.