TABLE 1—

Mode of transmission and clinical findings with selected TORCH infections.

	Mode of Transmission	Hepato Splenomegaly	Cardiac Lesions	Skin Lesions	Hydrocephalus	Microcephaly	Intracranial Calcifications	Ocular Disease	Hearing Deficits
Toxoplasmosis	Food	+	–	Petechiae/purpura maculopapular rash	++	+	+	+	–
Treponema pallidum	Person to person (sexual)	+	–	+		–	–	+	–
Rubella	Person to person	+	+	Petechiae/purpura		+	–	+	++
Cytomegalovirus	Person to person	+	–	Petechiae/purpura		++	+	+	++
Herpes simplex virus	Person to person	+	+	Petechiae/purpura, vesicles		+	–	+	+
Parvovirus B19	Person to person	+	+	Subcutaneous edema, petechiae		–	–	+	–
Zika virus	Arthropods	–	?	–	–a	+	+	+	+

Source. Adapted from Neu et al.¹⁰

^aThere is ventriculomegaly, but it is too early to determine whether this will evolve into intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus.