Table 4. Imaging and tumor marker characteristics suggestive of malignancy in BD-IPMN.
| Characteristic | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | Area under the curve (95% CI) | Q-test for heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mural nodule presence | 0.622 (0.506–0.736) | 0.819 (0.709–0.898) | 0.749 (0.644–0.888) | 14.79 (0.32) |
| Main pancreatic ductal dilation | 0.508 (0.317–0.697) | 0.747 (0.539–0.911) | 0.629 (0.507–0.815) | 4.05 (0.99) |
| Cyst size >3 cm | 0.671 (0.527–0.804) | 0.574 (0.413–0.722) | 0.662 (0.563–0.783) | 8.43 (0.75) |
| Elevated serum CEA levels | 0.129 (0.047–0.286) | 0.943 (0.824–0.99) | 0.530 (0.241–0.987) | 0.93 (0.97) |
| Elevated serum CA19-9 levels | 0.267 (0.079–0.513) | 0.928 (0.809–0.989) | 0.724 (0.378–1.000) | 3.4 (0.64) |
BD-IPMN, branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CI, confidence interval; PET, positron emission tomography.