Figure 1.

TDP-43 is cleaved following CVB3 infection. (a) TDP-43 expression in A/J mouse heart following 9 days of CVB3 infection. Heart extracts were processed for western blot analysis for protein expression of TDP-43 using an anti-N-terminal TDP-43 antibody. GAPDH level was examined as a protein loading control. (b and c) TDP-43 protein expression in primary mouse cardiomyocytes (b) and HeLa cells (c) infected with CVB3 at an multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 100 and 10, respectively, for various times as indicated. Western blot analysis was conducted as described above for the detection of protein expression of TDP-43, viral capsid protein VP1, and β-actin (loading control). (d) Cleavage of TDP-43 following CVB3 infection. HeLa cells were transiently transfected with a plasmid expressing HA-TDP-43-GFP, followed by 7 h of CVB3 infection. Cells were collected and processed for western blotting using an anti-HA antibody to detect exogenous TDP-43. * indicates a cleaved TDP-43 band at ~35 kDa. cp, cleavage product. Protein levels of pro- and cleaved TDP-43 were quantitated by densitometric analysis using NIH ImageJ, normalized to GAPDH or β-actin, and presented underneath each blot