Generation of CiPSCs from mouse NSCs. (A) Neurosphere formation of isolated NSCs. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of SOX2 and NESTIN in embryonic NSCs (passage 2). (C-E) Epithelial clusters at day 8 (D8) after chemical treatment (C), a compact, epithelioid colony at day 32 (D32) after treatment (C), a primary CiPS colony on day 50 (D50) (D), and passaged CiPSC colonies (P1) (E). (F) Optimization of 616452 concentration in the first 20 days during chemical reprogramming (error bars, mean ± SD, n = 3). (G) Numbers of SOX2- and NESTIN-positive cells in 500 FACS-sorted SSEA1-positive NSCs. (H) A primary CiPSC colony generated from SSEA1-positive NSCs. (I) Schematic diagram for the chemical reprogramming of NSCs. V, VPA; C, CHIR 99021; 6, 616452; T, tranylcypromine; F, forskolin; E, EPZ004777; 5, Ch 55; Z, DZNep. For A and C-E, scale bar, 100 μm. For B, scale bar, 20 μm. See also Supplementary information, Figure S1.