Table 3. Summary comparison of questionnaire items across each demographic item and clinical characteristics.
| Demographic variable | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||||||
| P value | N | ≤5 min | ≤15 min | ≤30 min | ≤60 min | >60 min | |
| Maximum time entering app data | <0.05 | ||||||
| White/Caucasian | 82 | 43 (52%) | 34 (41%) | 5 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | |
| Non-White | 24 | 18 (78%) | 5 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| P value | N | Not willing | ≥$0.99 | ≥$5 | ≥$20 | ≥$50 | |
| Amount willing to pay | <0.01 | ||||||
| White/Caucasian | 115 | 35 (30%) | 28 (24%) | 37 (32%) | 9 (8%) | 6 (5%) | |
| Non-White | 26 | 16 (62%) | 3 (12%) | 7 (27%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Marital status | |||||||
| P value | N | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| Willing to use an app to receive therapies | <0.05 | ||||||
| Single/never married | 42 | 5 (12%) | 9 (21%) | 16 (38%) | 5 (12%) | 7 (17%) | |
| Married/partnered | 78 | 6 (8%) | 5 (6%) | 20 (26%) | 28 (36%) | 19 (24%) | |
| Prior use of health-related app | |||||||
| P value | N | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| Willing to use an app to track lifestyle habits | <0.001 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 49 | 1 (2%) | 3 (6%) | 9 (18%) | 17 (35%) | 19 (39%) | |
| No experience | 83 | 16 (19%) | 12 (14%) | 18 (22%) | 15 (18%) | 22 (27%) | |
| Willing to use an app for medical information | <0.05 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 50 | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 6 (12%) | 12 (24%) | 30 (60%) | |
| No experience | 84 | 10 (12%) | 3 (4%) | 14 (17%) | 17 (20%) | 40 (48%) | |
| Willing to use an app to monitor health | <0.01 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 50 | 1 (2%) | 6 (12%) | 8 (16%) | 16 (32%) | 19 (38%) | |
| No experience | 83 | 9 (11%) | 14 (17%) | 22 (27%) | 15 (18%) | 23 (28%) | |
| Willing to use an app to receive therapies | <0.05 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 50 | 2 (4%) | 4 (8%) | 15(30%) | 16 (32%) | 13 (26%) | |
| No experience | 84 | 13 (15%) | 11 (13%) | 25 (30%) | 20 (24%) | 15 (18%) | |
| Apps help me manage my medical problems | <0.01 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 47 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 16(34%) | 18 (38%) | 12 (26%) | |
| No experience | 81 | 7 (9%) | 15 (19%) | 23 (28%) | 24 (30%) | 12 (15%) | |
| Information collected from an app can help my doctor better manage my problems | <0.05 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 49 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (12%) | 12 (24%) | 30 (60%) | |
| No experience | 80 | 10 (12%) | 3 (4%) | 14 (17%) | 17 (20%) | 40 (48%) | |
| Worry that app would be hard to learn how to use | <0.01 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 49 | 31 (63%) | 11 (22%) | 4 (8%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (4%) | |
| No experience | 80 | 34 (43%) | 17 (21%) | 11 (14%) | 9 (11%) | 9 (11%) | |
| N | 0–1 Month | ≥3 Months | ≥6 Months | ≥1 Year | Indefinite | ||
| Maximum time period using app | <0.001 | ||||||
| Prior experience | 50 | 2 (4%) | 4 (8%) | 1 (2%) | 4 (8%) | 39 (78%) | |
| No experience | 77 | 15 (19%) | 12 (16%) | 4 (5%) | 8 (10%) | 38 (49%) | |
| Gastrointestinal condition | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory bowel disease | |||||||
| P value | N | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| Afraid information used for app would get into the “wrong hands” | <0.05 | ||||||
| IBD | 53 | 7 (13%) | 7 (13%) | 10 (19%) | 19 (36%) | 10 (19%) | |
| No IBD | 77 | 9 (12%) | 8 (10%) | 6 (8%) | 23 (30%) | 31 (40%) | |
| P value | N | 0–1 Month | ≥ 3 Months | ≥ 6 Months | ≥ 1 Year | Indefinite | |
| Maximum time period using app | <0.01 | ||||||
| IBD | 51 | 2 (4%) | 5 (10%) | 3 (6%) | 3 (6%) | 38 (75%) | |
| No IBD | 76 | 15 (18%) | 11 (15%) | 2 (3%) | 9 (12%) | 39 (51%) | |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | |||||||
| P value | N | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| Willing to use an app to track bowel symptoms | <0.05 | ||||||
| IBS | 23 | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (22%) | 7 (30%) | 10 (43%) | |
| No IBS | 110 | 22 (20%) | 11 (10%) | 22 (20%) | 21 (19%) | 34 (31%) | |
| Willing to use an app to continuously monitor my location | <0.05 | ||||||
| IBS | 23 | 3 (13%) | 4 (17%) | 8 (35%) | 4 (17%) | 4 (17%) | |
| No IBS | 110 | 38 (35%) | 26 (24%) | 19 (17%) | 12 (11%) | 15 (14%) | |
| Willing to use an app to receive therapies | <0.05 | ||||||
| IBS | 23 | 2 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (17%) | 8 (35%) | 8 (35%) | |
| No IBS | 111 | 13 (12%) | 14 (13%) | 36 (32%) | 28 (25%) | 20 (18%) | |
| Willing to use an app to receive personal feedback | <0.001 | ||||||
| IBS | 23 | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (9%) | 9 (39%) | 11 (48%) | |
| No IBS | 110 | 15 (14%) | 10 (9%) | 34 (31%) | 25 (23%) | 26 (23%) | |
| More likely to use an app if recommended by my doctor | <0.01 | ||||||
| IBS | 23 | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (9%) | 8 (35%) | 12 (52%) | |
| No IBS | 108 | 7 (6%) | 6 (6%) | 26 (24%) | 39 (36%) | 39 (28%) | |
| Using an app in public may be embarrassing | <0.01 | ||||||
| IBS | 23 | 3 (13%) | 4 (17%) | 12 (52%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (13%) | |
| No IBS | 107 | 36 (34%) | 31 (29%) | 26 (24%) | 11 (10%) | 3 (3%) | |
| Diarrhea | |||||||
| P value | N | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| Using an app would significantly interfere with my daily routine | <0.01 | ||||||
| Diarrhea | 23 | 3 (13%) | 6 (26%) | 7 (30%) | 6 (27%) | 1 (4%) | |
| No diarrhea | 107 | 27 (25%) | 44 (41%) | 29 (27%) | 5 (5%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Acid Reflux/Heartburn | |||||||
| P value | N | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| More likely to use an app if recommended by my doctor | <0.05 | ||||||
| Heartburn | 21 | 1 (5%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (5%) | 5 (24%) | 12 (57%) | |
| No heartburn | 110 | 6 (5%) | 5 (5%) | 27 (25%) | 42 (38%) | 42 (27%) | |
| Constipation | |||||||
| P value | N | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| Willing to use an app to receive personal feedback | <0.01 | ||||||
| Constipation | 19 | 1 (5%) | 2 (10%) | 3 (16%) | 3 (16%) | 10 (53%) | |
| No constipation | 114 | 15 (13%) | 8 (7%) | 33 (29%) | 31 (27%) | 27 (24%) | |
| Bloody stools | |||||||
| P value | N | 0–1 Month | ≥ 3 Months | ≥ 6 Months | ≥ 1 year | Indefinite | |
| Maximum time period using app | <0.05 | ||||||
| Bloody stools | 9 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (11%) | 1 (11%) | 7 (78%) | |
| No bloody stools | 118 | 17 (14%) | 16 (14%) | 4 (3%) | 11 (9%) | 70 (59%) | |
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.
Only conditions with statistically significant differences are shown.
Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney tests were conducted to identify relationship between socioeconomic demographic variables and questionnaire response. When appropriate, post-hoc one-sided pairwise Mann–Whitney tests were conducted with a Bonferroni correction.