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. 2015 Dec 15;113(Suppl 1):S3–S9. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.394

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Copyright © 2015 Cancer Research UK

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mechanisms of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Double-stranded breaks in DNA are typically repaired through one of two pathways: (A) non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); (A, B) homologous recombination (HR). Proteins involved in NHEJ include KU70/80, DNA-PKcs, XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV. Proteins involved in HR include MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 (which form the MRN complex); CtIP; RNF20; RPA; RAD51; PALB2; BRCA1 and BRCA2. Abbreviations: HRR, homologous recombination repair; IR, ionising radiation; SSB, single-strand break; ssDNA, single-stranded DNA. Note: (A) Reproduced with permission from Pioneer Bioscience Publishing Company (© Saito et al, 2013). (B) Reprinted with permission from Nature America, Inc. (© Buisson et al, 2010).