Table 2. Results of multivariate analyses for factors associated with 4 clinical signs of scarlet fever in patients with confirmed GAS infection, Beijing, China, 2011*.
| Factor | Clinical sign of scarlet fever† |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry tongue |
Red rash |
Pastia lines |
Circumoral pallor |
||||||||||||
| Yes, n = 293 | No, n = 354 | OR (95% CI), p value | Yes, n = 430 | No, n = 217 | OR (95% CI), p value | Yes, n = 79 | No, n = 568 | OR (95% CI), p value | Yes, n = 63 | No, n = 584 | OR (95% CI), p value | ||||
| emm type | |||||||||||||||
| 12 | 232 (79.2) | 262 (74.0) | Ref | 331 (77.0) | 163 (75.1) | Ref | 57 (72.2) | 437 (76.9) | Ref | 43 (68.3) | 451 (77.2) | Ref | |||
| 1 | 51 (17.4) | 60 (16.9) | 1.03 (0.68–1.58), 0.884 | 83 (19.3) | 28 (12.9) | 1.63 (1.01–2.62), 0.046 | 20 (25.3) | 91 (16.0) | 1.80 (1.02–3.16), 0.043 | 18 (28.6) | 93 (15.9) | 2.15 (1.17–3.93), 0.013 | |||
| Other‡ |
10 (3.4) |
32 (9.0) |
0.40 (0.19–0.84), 0.016
|
|
16 (3.7) |
26 (12.0) |
0.35 (0.18–0.68), 0.002
|
|
2 (2.5) |
40 (7.0) |
0.40 (0.09–1.72), 0.218 |
|
2 (3.2) |
40 (6.8) |
0.54 (0.12–2.31), 0.402 |
| Age <5 y |
138 (47.1) |
108 (30.5) |
2.04 (1.46–2.83), <0.001
|
|
193 (44.9) |
53 (24.4) |
2.52 (1.74–3.65), <0.001
|
|
35 (44.3) |
211 (37.1) |
1.40 (0.86–2.27), 0.182 |
|
27 (42.9) |
219 (37.5) |
1.29 (0.75–2.22), 0.356 |
| Female sex |
105 (35.8) |
140 (39.5) |
1.09 (0.78–1.51), 0.630 |
|
157 (36.5) |
88 (40.6) |
1.09 (0.77–1.55), 0.615 |
|
36 (45.6) |
209 (36.8) |
0.65 (0.40–1.05), 0.079 |
|
28 (44.4) |
217 (37.2) |
0.69 (0.40–1.18), 0.171 |
| Interval >2 d§ | 51 (17.4) | 39 (11.0) | 1.87 (1.18–2.97), 0.008 | 61 (14.2) | 29 (13.4) | 1.19 (0.73–1.95), 0.489 | 7 (8.9) | 83 (14.6) | 0.58 (0.26–1.31), 0.190 | 3 (4.8) | 87 (14.9) | 0.29 (0.09–0.94), 0.040 | |||
*Four multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses were separately conducted to examine factors for each clinical sign of scarlet fever. Scarlet fever and pharyngitis patients from whom GAS was isolated were identified as confirmed GAS patients. Boldface font indicates statistical significance. GAS, group A Streptococcus; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference. †Data are number (%) patients unless otherwise indicated. ‡Other emm types included types 4, 11, 22, 75, and 89. §Interval between illness onset and hospital visit.