. 2015 Mar 6;119(10):1219–1227. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00995.2014

Table 2.

Peak LV twist, basal, apical, and longitudinal mechanics at rest and during incremental exercise at sea level and 5,050 m

	Workload, % peak power output
	Rest	10%	30%	50%	Ex Intensity	SL vs. HA	Interaction
LV Twist Parameters
Twist, °
SL	13.2 ± 2.5	15.0 ± 4.1	19.1 ± 4.9	24.0 ± 6.5	P < 0.01	P < 0.05	NS
HA	18.9 ± 6.2	19.9 ± 5.9	24.4 ± 6.0	23.2 ± 4.6	P < 0.01	P < 0.05	NS
Systolic twist velocity, ° s⁻¹
SL	85 ± 24	92 ± 34	140 ± 35	209 ± 56	P < 0.001	P < 0.05	NS
HA	129 ± 51	144 ± 54	171 ± 44	220 ± 47	P < 0.001	P < 0.05	NS
Untwisting velocity. ° s⁻¹
SL	122 ± 28	111 ± 44	172 ± 63	238 ± 76	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	NS
HA	159 ± 38	178 ± 44	238 ± 76	308 ± 82	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	NS
LV Basal Parameters
Basal rotation, °
SL	6.2 ± 1.9	5.6 ± 2.7	8.2 ± 3.0	8.5 ± 3.1	P < 0.001	NS	NS
HA	3.3 ± 2.2	5.3 ± 3.1	6.3 ± 1.9	8.0 ± 2.8	P < 0.001	NS	NS
Basal rotational velocity, ° s⁻¹
SL	63 ± 22	60 ± 19	98 ± 28	132 ± 38	P < 0.001	NS	NS
HA	68 ± 25	80 ± 25	95 ± 28	138 ± 35	P < 0.001	NS	NS
Basal Circumferential Strain (%)
SL	18.2 ± 2.8	15.8 ± 2.5	16.5 ± 5.4	15.9 ± 5.7	NS	P < 0.01	NS
HA	19.5 ± 3.5	17.4 ± 4.4	20.5 ± 4.4	20.3 ± 3.1	NS	P < 0.01	NS
Basal circumferential strain rate, s⁻¹
SL	1.12 ± 0.13	0.97 ± 0.19	1.22 ± 0.22	1.43 ± 0.19	P < 0.001	P < 0.05	NS
HA	1.25 ± 0.28	1.18 ± 0.28	1.58 ± 0.38	1.76 ± 0.35	P < 0.001	P < 0.05	NS
LV Apical Parameters
Apical rotation, °
SL	7.4 ± 2.5	10.2 ± 2.5	11.6 ± 3.5	17.0 ± 5.4^*^†	P < 0.01	P < 0.001	P < 0.01
HA	15.9 ± 4.7	14.7 ± 4.7	18.6 ± 5.7	16.2 ± 3.2	P < 0.01	P < 0.001	P < 0.01
Apical rotational velocity, ° s⁻¹
SL	52 ± 25	69 ± 22	97 ± 25	189 ± 57	P < 0.001	P < 0.01	NS
HA	103 ± 38	110 ± 35	143 ± 57	210 ± 51	P < 0.001	P < 0.01	NS
Apical circumferential strain, %
SL	25.1 ± 4.7	24.1 ± 4.7	29.8 ± 7.0^†	31.4 ± 7.3	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.01
HA	29.4 ± 6.0	33.6 ± 5.1	39.1 ± 4.4^*^†	31.8 ± 5.1	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.01
Apical Circumferential strain rate, s⁻¹
SL	1.40 ± 0.28	1.37 ± 0.28	1.90 ± 0.47^*^†	2.70 ± 0.73	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.01
HA	2.12 ± 0.70	2.40 ± 0.89	3.06 ± 0.54^*^†	3.04 ± 0.51	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.01
LV Longitudinal Parameters
Longitudinal strain, %
SL	19.3 ± 2.5	20.2 ± 2.2	22.2 ± 2.2	23.5 ± 1.6	P < 0.001	NS	NS
HA	18.6 ± 2.2	21.2 ± 2.2	22.5 ± 2.2	23.2 ± 2.8	P < 0.001	NS	NS
Longitudinal strain rate, s⁻¹
SL	0.97 ± 0.16	1.07 ± 0.16	1.31 ± 0.19	1.66 ± 0.19	P < 0.001	P < 0.05	NS
HA	1.05 ± 0.16	1.24 ± 0.19	1.53 ± 0.19	1.81 ± 0.28	P < 0.001	P < 0.05	NS

Data are mean ± SD.

P < 0.05 vs. rest.

^†

P < 0.05 vs. 10%. ‡P < 0.05 vs. 30%. Untwisting velocity, peak during early diastole.