Table 3.

Hazard ratios for association between pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer compared with rosiglitazone

Exposure	No of patients*	No of events	Person years	Incidence rate (95% CI)†	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
Main model‡¶:
Rosiglitazone	-	56	64 990	86.2 (65.1 to 111.9)	1.00 (Reference)
Pioglitazone	-	54	44 618	121.0 (90.9 to 157.9)	1.48 (1.01 to 2.16)
Thiazolidinedione subcohort to cohort analysis§**:
Rosiglitazone	13 946	56	64 942	86.2 (65.1 to 112.0)	1.00 (Reference)
Pioglitazone	10 591	52	44 080	118.0 (88.1 to 154.7)	1.46 (0.94 to 2.27)

*Number of patients in main analysis is not displayed as exposure was defined in a time dependent fashion.

†Per 100 000 person years.

‡Users of pioglitazone to rosiglitazone combinations and no thiazolidinedione users are not displayed in the table, but were considered in the regression model for proper estimation of treatment effects

¶Adjusted for age, year of cohort entry, sex, alcohol related disorders, smoking status, obesity, haemoglobin A1c, previous cancer, bladder conditions, Charlson comorbidity score, duration of treated diabetes, and urine protein testing.

§Two bladder cancer events were excluded from the pioglitazone group owing to trimming related to non-overlapping propensity score distributions.

**Adjusted for high dimensional propensity score fifths.