Figure 1.

A diagrammatic representation of the auditory conditions heard during Studies 1 and 2. Study 1 included Conditions A + C. Study 2 had all 5 auditory conditions. (A) The attended speaker alone (Study 1 = male, Study 2 = female); (B) background babble delivered with the attended speaker through the same channel (diotic presentation); (C) simultaneous voices of a male and female speaker presented diotically; (D + E) Competing female and male speech, as Condition C, presented dichotically with a spatial cue (either with the female speaker at 30° to the left and the male speaker at 30° to the right, or vice versa).