Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study population.

Variables	GDM group (n = 357)	NGT group (n = 355)	P
Age (years)	30.27 ± 4.45	27.89 ± 3.93	<0.001
Gestational age (weeks)	25.96 ± 1.31	26.10 ± 1.51	0.19
Pre-pregnant BMI (kg/m2)	21.33 ± 3.06	20.26 ± 2.42	<0.001
BMI during 24~30 gestational weeks (kg/m2)	24.50 ± 3.16	23.48 ± 2.70	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	112.7 ± 12.32	108.9 ± 10.94	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	64.96 ± 7.96	62.74 ± 7.93	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	4.67 ± 0.55	4.31 ± 0.29	<0.001

GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; NGT: normal glucose tolerance; BMI: body mass index.

^†P was calculated using unpaired Student’s t-test.