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. 2016 Apr 1;6:23603. doi: 10.1038/srep23603

Figure 2. DNA damage affects the overall abundance of histone modifications during the P. falciparum IDC.

Figure 2

(A) 3D7 parasites were treated with all drugs at the trophozoite stage for 6 hr and the overall abundance of individual histone modification was measured by western blotting. The MMS treatment resulted in reduction of H3K9ac and H3K56ac and increase of H4K8ac, H4K16ac and H4ac4. Conversely, TSA induced hyperacetylation of all studied H3 and H4 acetylations. Cisplatin and etoposide as well as artemisinin and chloroquine at IC-90 concentrations had no effect on the overall abundance on the histone modification compared to P. falciparum grown under normal condition or treated with the carrier solvent, DMSO. Specific antibody for HDAC enzyme, histone 4 and actin were used as loading controls. (B) Recovery dynamics of H3K9ac and H4K8ac were assessed by first treating with MMS for 6 hrs and subsequently drug was removed and samples were collected after 0.5 hrs, 1 hrs, 2 hrs, 6 hrs and 12 hrs. (C) Parasite survival after MMS (0.05%) treatment compared to untreated 3D7 (Control) parasites. Graphical representation shown is percentage survival in MMS treated and control parasites at 6hrs MMS and 30 mins, 2 hrs, 6 hrs and 12 hrs (post-MMS wash off treatment). The error bars represent SEM.